肿瘤坏死因子α抑制剂治疗强直性脊柱炎合并骨质疏松症5年随访研究

Tumor necrosis factor-αinhibitors in treating ankylosing spondylitis complicated with osteoporosis:a 5-year followup study

目的评估TNF-α抑制剂(TNFi)治疗强直性脊柱炎(AS)合并骨质疏松症(OP)的远期疗效及其对骨代谢、骨密度、炎症因子水平的影响。方法回顾性收集2010年1月1日至2017年12月31日于海军军医大学(第二军医大学)第一附属医院风湿免疫科收治的158例AS伴OP患者的资料。将患者根据治疗方法分为双膦酸盐组(54例)、TNFi组(58例)、TNFi联合双膦酸盐组(46例),所有患者均使用钙剂联合骨化三醇作为补钙背景治疗。治疗5年后,评估患者的Bath强直性脊柱炎疾病活动性指数(BASDAI)和Bath强直性脊柱炎功能指数(BASFI)评分,检测炎症指标、骨代谢标志物、骨密度等。结果治疗5年后,TNFi联合双膦酸盐组、TNFi组患者的BASDAI评分、BASFI评分、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、CRP、TNF-α、IL-17A均较治疗前降低(均P<0.05);双膦酸盐组患者仅ESR和CRP较治疗前降低(均P<0.05),其余炎症指标及BASDAI评分、BASFI评分与治疗前相比差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。3组患者治疗5年后的骨密度均较治疗前升高(均P<0.05),且TNFi联合双膦酸盐组高于其余2组(均P<0.05)。TNFi联合双膦酸盐组、双膦酸盐组患者治疗5年后甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、Ⅰ型胶原氨基端延长肽(P1NP)、β-胶原降解产物(β-CTX)较治疗前下降(均P<0.05),骨钙素氨基端中分子片段(N-MID)、25羟维生素D(25VitD)较治疗前上升(均P<0.05);TNFi组患者仅PTH和P1NP下降(均P<0.05),β-CTX、N-MID、25VitD与治疗前相比差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论AS伴OP患者长期使用TNFi治疗可有效降低疾病活动性、改善躯体功能、降低炎症因子水平、缓解骨代谢异常、升高骨密度,联合应用双膦酸盐疗效更佳。

Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)inhibitor(TNFi)in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis(AS)complicated with osteoporosis(OP)and the impact on bone metabolism,bone density,and inflammatory factors.Methods The data of 158 patients with AS and OP,who were admitted to Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University)from Jan.1,2010 to Dec.31,2017,were retrospectively collected.The patients were divided into bisphosphonate group(n=54),TNFi group(n=58),and TNFi+bisphosphonate group(n=46)according to the treatment methods.All patients were treated with calcium combined with calcitriol as the background treatment.After 5 years of treatment,Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index(BASDAI)and Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index(BASFI)scores were evaluated,and inflammatory indexes,bone metabolism markers,and bone mineral density were detected.Results After 5 years of treatment,the BASDAI and BASFI scores,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),C reactive protein(CRP),TNF-α,and interleukin-17A of the TNFi+bisphosphonate group and TNFi group were significantly lower than those before treatment(all P<0.05);in the bisphosphonate group only ESR and CRP were significantly lower than those before treatment(both P<0.05),and the other inflammatory indexes and BASDAI and BASFI scores showed no significant changes(all P>0.05).The bone mineral density of the 3 groups after 5 years of treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment(all P<0.05),and the bone mineral density of the TNFi+bisphosphonate group was significantly higher than that of the other 2 groups(both P<0.05).After 5 years of treatment,the levels of parathyroid hormone(PTH),procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide(P1NP)andβ-C-terminal telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen(β-CTX)in the TNFi+bisphosphonate group and bisphosphonate group were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(all P<0.05),while the levels of N-terminal midfragment of osteocalcin(N-MID)and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D(25VitD)were significantly increased(all P<0.05);in the TNFi group only PTH and P1NP levels were significantly decreased(both P<0.05),whileβ-CTX,N-MID and 25VitD levels showed no significant differences(all P>0.05).Conclusion Long-term use of TNFi in patients with AS and OP can effectively reduce disease activity,improve physical function,decrease the level of inflammatory factors,alleviate abnormal bone metabolism,and increase bone mineral density;and the combined use of TNFi and bisphosphonates has better efficacy.