民族地区农村老年人健康素养现状及影响因素研究

Study on the Present Status and Influencing Factors of Health Literacy Among Rural Older Adults in Ethnic Regions

目的分析雅安市民族地区农村老年人健康素养现状及影响因素,为制定老年人群健康素养提升策略提供参考。方法2023年7月17—20日采用连续抽样法,对四川省雅安市汉源县所属4所乡镇卫生院367名60岁及以上农村老年人进行一般资料、健康素养与健康教育需求问卷调查。结果民族地区农村老年人健康素养得分率为35.80%。基本认知、慢性病防治、传染病防治、饮食健康4方面健康素养得分率分别为:19.67%、41.31%、21.21%、60.60%;健康教育总需求得分为(17.59±5.44)分,各条目平均得分为(3.52±1.09)分;多重线性回归分析显示:居住情况及文化程度是健康素养的影响因素(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析结果显示:健康素养与健康教育需求呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论雅安市民族地区农村老年人健康素养水平较低,健康教育需求较大,农村老年人的健康素养受文化程度、居住情况等因素影响。应从老年人的实际需求出发,针对不同特征的老年人制定健康教育方案,以提升民族地区农村老年人健康素养水平。

Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of health literacy among rural older adults in the ethnic areas of Ya'an,so as to provide reference for the development of health literacy improvement strategies for the elderly.Methods From July 17 to 20,2023,a consecutive sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire survey on the general information,health literacy,and health education needs among 367 rural older adults aged 60 and above in four township health centers in Hanyuan County,Ya'an City,Sichuan Province.Results The health literacy score rate among the rural older adults in the ethnic areas was 35.80%.The score rates of health literacy in basic cognition,chronic disease prevention and control,infectious disease prevention and control,and dietary health were 19.67%,41.31%,21.21%,and 60.60%,respectively.The mean score across all assessments for the demand for health education services was(17.59±5.44),and the average score of each item was(3.52±1.09).Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that health literacy was influenced by factors such as education level and living situation(P<0.05).Furthermore,Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated a positive link between health literacy and the requirement for health education(P<0.05).Conclusion The health literacy level among rural older adults in the ethnic regions of Ya'an is comparatively low,while their demand for health education is notably high.Health literacy among rural older adults is influenced by a combination of multiple factors such as education level and living situation.Based on the actual needs of the elderly,health education programs tailored to older adults with different characteristics should be developed to enhance the level of health literacy among rural older adults in ethnic regions.