否定功能“用不着”和“不用”的差异及成因

The Differences and Causes of the Negation Function between“Yongbuzhao”and“Buyong”

否定是重要的语义语法范畴,否定表达在语义语法研究中占据重要地位。现代汉语“用不着”和“不用”是一对否定词语。二者均表说话人对命题事件的否定情态意义,均具有主观性,但二者表否定时本质上存在差异,“用不着”所表达的否定情态更强调主观性,而“不用”的否定情态则强调客观性。造成差异的原因在于本身词义、结构特点、信息量和主观化程度。

Negation is an important semantic and grammatical category,and negation expression occupies an important position in semantic and grammatical research.In Chinese,“yongbuzhao”and“buyong”are a pair of words with negative meanings.Both express the speaker's negative modal meaning towards the propositional event,both of which are subjective.However,fundamentally,there are differences between the two expressions of negation.The negative modality expressed by“yongbuzhao”emphasizes subjectivity,while the negative modality expressed by“buyong”emphasizes objectivity.This essential difference has a series of syntactic and semantic expressions,and the reason for the difference between them lies in their own meanings,structural characteristics,information content and degree of subjectivity.