虚拟旅游空间记忆匹配性与影响因素研究——基于眼动实验和认知地图的分析

Research on Spatial Memory Matching and Influencing Factors of Virtual Tourism-Analysis Based on Eye Movement Experiments and Cognitive Map

在虚拟环境中,旅游者行为与视觉感知和空间记忆密不可分。当前对虚拟旅游空间记忆的研究较为缺乏,视觉注意与空间记忆的关系有待探究。文章以故宫鼓浪屿外国文物馆三维虚拟全景为例,结合眼动实验和认知地图提出旅游者空间记忆匹配性的检验方法,通过ANOVA方差分析和路径分析探究旅游者的视觉注意与空间记忆的关系。研究发现:(1)旅游者的视觉注意水平与注视频率存在空间差异;(2)节点记忆与路径记忆匹配性较低,行为链记忆匹配性个体差异较大,情景记忆匹配性整体较好;(3)视觉注意水平对情景记忆的影响呈边缘显著,视觉注意水平越高,空间情景记忆匹配性越高;(4)注视频率对行为链记忆的影响呈边缘显著,注视频率越高,行为链记忆匹配性越高;(5)行为链记忆对情景记忆具有显著的正向促进作用。文章为探究视觉注意与空间记忆关系提供了新的思路,提出的空间记忆匹配性测度方法对相关研究具有参考价值,研究结果对虚拟旅游技术应用及空间营造具有参考价值,对提高旅游目的地形象和虚拟旅游体验具有启发意义。

In virtual environments,travelers’behaviors are inseparable from visual perception and spatial memory.Current research on spatial memory in virtual tourism is relatively lacking,and the relationship between visual attention and spatial memory needs to be explored.Taking the three-dimensional virtual panorama of Kulangsu Gallery of Foreign Artefacts form the Palace Museum Collection as an example,this study proposed a test method for tourists’spatial memory matching through eye movement experiments and cognitive maps,and explored the relationship between tourists’visual attention and spatial memory through ANOVA analysis of variance and path analysis.The research findings are as follows:(1)there were spatial differences between tourists’visual attention level and gaze frequency;(2)node memory and path memory had a lower match,individual differences in behavioral chain memory match were larger,and situational memory match was better as a whole;(3)the effect of visual attention level on situational memory was borderline significant,and the higher the level of visual attention was the higher the spatial-situational memory match was;(4)the effect of gaze frequency on behavioral chain memory is borderline significant,the higher the frequency of gaze,the higher the match of behavioral chain memory;(5)behavioral chain memory has a significant positive promotion effect on situational memory.This study provides a new thinking perspective for exploring the relationship between visual attention and spatial memory,and the proposed spatial memory matchability measurement method is of reference value for related research.The results of this study are of reference value for the application of virtual tourism technology and spatial creation,and are inspirational for improving the image of tourist destinations and the virtual tourism experience.