汽车制造业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患研究进展

Research progress on work-related musculoskeletal disorders in automobile manufacturing workers

汽车制造业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)患病率较高,WMSDs已经成为汽车制造业工人的一种普遍的健康问题。汽车制造业工人WMSDs的影响因素主要有个体因素(年龄、工龄、性别等)、职业因素(工种、姿势负荷、环境因素、工作组织因素)和社会心理因素。开展健康教育培训,合理安排劳动组织,改进生产工艺和生产设备,减少工人工作中的不良工效学负荷,加强人体工程学干预和心理干预,可有效降低汽车制造行业WMSDs发病率。

The prevalence of WMSDs among workers in the automobile manufacturing industry is high,and WMSDs has become a wide spread health problem for workers in the automobile manufacturing industry.There are three main influencing factors for WMSDs in automobile manufacturing workers:individual factors(age,length of service,gender,etc.),occupational factors(type of work,postural load,environmental factors,work organization factors),and psychosocial factors.It is recommended to carry out health education and training,rationally arrange labor organization,improve production process and production equipment,reduce the load of poor ergonomics in workers,and strengthen ergonomic intervention and psychological intervention,so as to effectively reduce the incidence of WMSDs in the automobile manufacturing industry.