种植方式对优质籼稻产量和经济效益的影响

Effects of Different Planting Methods on Yield and Economic Benefit of High-quality Indica Rice

以福稻99和黄华占2个优质常规籼稻品种为材料,研究不同轻简化种植方式(人工直播、飞机直播、机械定量穴播、机械插秧)对水稻产量和经济效益的影响,探究优质常规籼稻品种实现高产优质的适宜种植方式,为鄂东南地区推广生产优质籼稻提供技术支撑。结果表明,生育期以机械定量穴播生育期最短,机械插秧最长。分蘖数排序为人工直播>飞机直播>机械插秧>机械定量穴播,人工直播和飞机直播显著高于机械定量穴播。株高排序为机械定量穴播>人工直播>飞机直播>机械插秧。干物质积累以人工直播和飞机直播较多,显著高于机械定量穴播。产量以飞机直播最高,与人工直播、机械插秧和机械定量穴播相比分别增产2.7%~3.8%、7.5%~12.5%、10.9%~11.4%,其高产主要是有较多的有效穗和结实率高,福稻99各模式产量均高于黄华占。经济效益以飞机直播最高,机械插秧最低,其中福稻99飞机直播的纯收入最高,为10 815.3元/hm^(2)。综上所述,福稻99飞机直播产量和经济效益最好,且在目前劳动力缺乏和人工费用高昂的情况下,飞机直播具有更广阔的推广前景,建议作为鄂东南地区优质常规籼稻生产推广种植方式。

Two Indica rice varieties with good quality(Fudao 99 and HuangHuazhan)were selected to study the effects of different rice planting methods(manual direct seeding,unmanned aerial vehicle,mechanical precision hole seeding,mechanical transplanting)on rice yield and economic benefits were studied,and the appropriate planting methods for high-quality conventional Indica rice varieties to achieve high yield and high quality were explored,providing technical support for promoting the production of high-quality Indica rice in southeastern Hubei Province.The results showed that the growth period was shortest by mechanical precision hole seeding and longest by mechanical transplanting.Tiller number was in the order of manual direct seeding>unmanned aerial vehicle>mechanical transplanting>mechanical precision hole seeding.Manual direct seeding and unmanned aerial vehicle were significantly higher than mechanical precision hole seeding.Plant height was in the order of mechanical precision hole seeding>manual direct seeding>unmanned aerial vehicle>mechanical transplanting.The accumulation of dry matter was higher in manual direct seeding and unmanned aerial vehicle,which were significantly higher than that in mechanical precision hole seeding.The output was the highest in unmanned aerial vehicle,increased by 2.7%-3.8%,7.5%-12.5%and 10.9%-11.4%,respectively,compared with manual direct seeding,mechanical transplanting and mechanical precision hole seeding.The high yield was mainly due to more effective ear and higher seed-setting rate,and the yield of Fudao 99 was higher than that of Huanghuadeng.The highest economic benefit was obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle and the lowest by mechanical transplanting.The net income of Fudao 99 under unmanned aerial vehicle was the highest,which was 10815.3 yuan/hm^(2).In summary,Fudao 99 under unmanned aerial vehicle had the best yield and economic benefits,and in the current situation of labor shortage and high labor costs,unmanned aerial vehicle had a broader promotion prospect,and it was recommended to be used as a high-quality conventional Indica rice production and promotion planting method in southeastern Hubei.