有机氮部分替代无机氮对高砂土西瓜产量·品质和土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Partial Substitution of Chemical Nitrogen with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Fertility, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon Growing in Sand-based Field

以西瓜品种“美都”为试材,研究等氮施肥条件下单施化肥(SNF)、有机氮替代20%无机氮(SNF+OF1)和有机氮替代30%无机氮(SNF+OF2)对土壤肥力和西瓜产量、品质以及养分吸收的影响,探索最佳有机肥氮替代比例,以期为泰州市姜堰区高砂土设施西瓜栽培提供合理施肥的科学依据。结果表明,与SNF处理相比,SNF+OF1和SNF+OF2处理提高了土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,其中速效钾增幅均超过50%;普遍提升了西瓜单果重和商品果率,增产2.33%~11.82%,增幅随替代比例增加而增大;改善了果实营养品质,显著提升西瓜可溶性糖含量11%左右,降低硝酸盐含量高达20%。主成分分析显示SNF+OF2处理综合得分最高。综上,SNF+OF2处理较适合高砂土西瓜种植,与SNF处理相比,SNF+OF2处理增产11.82%,西瓜氮磷钾含量和可溶性糖分别增加4.46%、6.01%、8.55%和10.86%,硝酸盐降低21.68%。

Taking the watermelon variety"Meidu"as the test material,a field polt experiment was carried out with the synthetic nitrogen fertilizer(SNF),the substiution 20%inorganic-N with organic-N(SNF+OF1),and the substiution 30%inorganic-N with organic-N(SNF+OF2)treatments to investigate the effects of organic replacement on soil fertility and watermelon yield,quality and nutrient uptake,in order to find out the suitable organic replacement ratio and provide a scientific basis for reasonable fertilization for watermelon cultivation in sand-based field in Jiangyan District,Taizhou.The results showed that SNF+OF1 and SNF+OF2 treatments increased soil organic matter,total N,available P and available K compared to SNF treatment,with available K increased more than 50%;generally increased weight per fruit and commercial rate and increased yield by 2.33%-11.82%,with the increase increasing with the substitution ratio.These two treatments also improved the nutritional quality of watermelon,significantly increased the soluble sugar content by 11%and reduced the nitrate content by up to 20%.The principal component analysis showed that SNF+OF2 treatment was more suitable for the local watermelon production.Compared with SNF treatment,SNF+OF2 increased yield by 11.82%,increased the NPK uptake and soluble sugar of fruit by 4.46%,6.01%,8.55%and 10.86%,respectively,and decreased the nitrate content by 21.68%.