疫苗接种风险沟通的伦理问题与对策研究

Research on the Ethical Issues and Countermeasures of Vaccination Risk Communication

预防接种是有效降低传染病感染率的重要措施,疫苗接种风险作为社会风险的表现形式之一,其有效的风险沟通是保障疫苗接种率的主要手段,然而风险沟通的主体受到信息传播途径及透明度、个体认知能力、网络舆情等因素的影响,会导致疫苗接种伦理难题的出现。厘清风险沟通在疫苗接种中的应用,对影响疫苗接种风险沟通因素进行分析,提出优化风险沟通策略应在遵循公平平等、知情同意、信任互助的伦理原则基础上,提高信息交互效能、重构公众的疫苗认知及完善沟通新媒介等,为疫苗接种风险沟通提供新思路和管理建议。

Vaccination is an important measure to effectively reduce the infection rate of infectious diseases.As one of the manifestations of social risk,effective vaccination risk communication is the main means to ensure the vaccination coverage rate.However,the subject of risk communication is affected by information transmission channels and transparency,individual cognitive ability,online public opinion and other factors,which may lead to the emergence of ethical problems of vaccination.This paper clarified the application of risk communication in vaccination,analyzed the factors affecting risk communication in vaccination,and proposed that the optimization of risk communication strategies should follow the ethical principles of fairness and equality,informed consent,trust and mutual assistance,improve the efficiency of information interaction,reconstruct public vaccine perceptions,and improve the new communication media.These recommendations provide novel insights and management recommendations for vaccination risk communication.