中医“证”研究的哲学反思

Philosophical Reflection on the Study of Traditional Chinese Medicine"Syndrome"

总结目前中医证面临的4个问题并逐一讨论:定义、范围、规范、本质。证的定义基本清楚;证的范围尚有讨论不足,特别是不治之症是否算证,而这一问题的答案与方证相对论的哲学基础密切相关;证的规范仍存混乱,而这种混乱与证的名称必须运用语言文字这一特性密切相关,维特根斯坦对语言游戏的观点可以帮助识别此混乱;证的本质研究之前须了解对事物本质的2种追问方式的区别,另外对波菲利共相问题的回答是所有证本质研究者不可绕过的。

The author summarizes four problems of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome and discusses them in sequence:definition,scope,normalization and essence.The definition of syndrome is basically clear;however,there is still insufficient discussion on the scope of syndrome,particularly concerning whether incurable diseases should be considered as syndromes.The answer to this question is closely related to the philosophical foundation of the Prescription and Syndrome Relativity.There is still confusion in the normalization of syndrome,which is closely related to the inherent limitations of language and terminology.Wittgenstein's view on language games can help us identify this confusion.Before the study of the essence of syndrome,it is necessary to understand the difference between the two ways of inquiring into the nature of things.In addition,addressing Porphyry's universal problem is indispensable for researchers exploring the essence of syndromes.