传统家训社会化的途径

The Ways for the Socialization of Traditional Family Instructions

作为父祖长辈对子孙后代训教的家训,一般发生在以血亲和婚姻关系为基础的家庭成员之间,只对家庭成员有约束力。但从宋代开始的家训的社会化,使得传统家训走出了一家一族的狭小圈子,逐渐成为所有社会成员依循、遵守的共同准则,家训已不再是一家一族的私有财产,而成了全社会共同的文化财富。宋代以后家训社会化的途径或表现形式有三:家训的结集以及随之而来的训诫对象的改变、不同家训之间内容的相互借鉴、与其他训诲劝诫文献交叉与融合。

Family instructions,given by ancestors to their descendants,typically occur among family members based on blood relations and marital ties and are only binding on those family members.However,the socialization of family mottos since the Song Dynasty has made the traditional family mottos move out of the narrow circle of families and gradually become the common principle that all members of the society follow and abide by.They are,then,no longer the private property of a family,but the common cultural wealth of the whole society.Since the Song Dynasty,there have been three ways for the socialization of family instructions:the collection of family instructions and the change of their object,the mutual use of different family instructions and the intersection and integration with other didactic and admonitory texts.