海洋碳汇标准体系框架研究

Study on the Construction of Ocean Carbon Sink Standards System

海洋碳汇具有储碳量大、储存时间长等特点,发展海洋碳汇是实现碳达峰、碳中和目标,应对气候变化的重要举措。尽管我国发布了《海洋碳汇核算方法》等标准,但海洋碳汇在开发、认证、交易、抵消等关键环节仍然存在“堵点”。开展海洋碳汇标准化建设,建立海洋碳汇标准体系,发挥标准引领作用是解决这些“堵点”的有效手段。基于海洋碳汇相关政策要求、实践经验和标准化成果,结合海洋碳汇标准化建设需求,构建了包括基础通用、碳汇调查与评估、增汇技术与管理、碳汇监测与计量、核算与认证、碳汇交易、减缓与适应措施、管理配套8个二级标准子体系的海洋碳汇标准体系。提出了完善海洋碳汇法规政策、开展海洋碳汇标准化研究和建立健全标准体系、开展海洋碳汇标准化相关应用试点示范、加强海洋碳汇国际标准化交流与合作等建议。以推动海洋碳汇核算技术、标准的应用实践,打通海洋碳汇从开发、认证、交易到抵消的关键环节,促进海洋碳汇开发及其生态产品价值实现。

Ocean carbon sink has the characteristics of large carbon storage and long storage time.The development of ocean carbon sink is an important measure to achieve the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality and to cope with climate change.Although China has issued standards such as the sectoral standard HY/T 0349-2022,Accounting methods for ocean carbon sink,there are still blocking points in the key links of ocean carbon sink such as development,certification,transaction and offset.It is an effective means to solve these problems by carrying out the standardization work of ocean carbon sink,establishing the standards system of ocean carbon sink and giving full play to the leading role of standards.Based on the relevant policy requirements,practical experience and standardization achievements of ocean carbon sink,combined with the needs of ocean carbon sink standardization work,the ocean carbon sink standards system has been established,including eight secondary standard subsystems,including basic general standards,carbon sink investigation and evaluation,sink enhancement technology and management,carbon sink monitoring and measurement,accounting and certification,carbon sink trading,mitigation and adaptation measures,and management support.Some suggestions are put forward such as improving the laws and policies of ocean carbon sink,carrying out research on ocean carbon sink standardization,establishing and improving the standards system,carrying out pilot demonstration of ocean carbon sink standardization related applications,and strengthening international standardization communication and cooperation of ocean carbon sink.The objective is to promote the application of ocean carbon sink accounting technology and standards,open up the key links of ocean carbon sink from development,certification,transaction to offset,and promote the development of ocean carbon sink and the realization of the value of ecological products.