体育运动改善焦虑的潜在机制--注意偏向的中介与调节

Potential Mechanism of Physical Exercise to Improve Anxiety--Mediator and Modulation of Attentional Bias

目的:探讨注意偏向在体育运动改善个体焦虑的中介作用,以及注意偏向成分对这一中介作用的调节机制。方法:以50名焦虑个体为实验对象,随机分为运动干预组和对照组,运动干预组进行每周3次、每次1 h、共计12周的有氧运动,对照组不进行运动干预。采用点探测任务测评运动干预前后被试的注意偏向,以及两种注意偏向成分(注意定向和注意解除)的变化;通过建立有调节的中介过程模型,分析注意偏向在体育运动与个体焦虑之间的中介作用,以及注意定向和注意解除对这一中介过程的调节机制。结果:1)体育运动可以降低个体焦虑和点探测任务中不一致条件下的反应时间(P<0.01),对一致条件和非注意分配条件下的反应时间影响不显著(P>0.05);2)体育运动可以降低焦虑个体对负性情绪面孔的注意偏向(P<0.01)和注意解除困难(P<0.01),对注意定向没有显著影响(P>0.05);3)注意偏向在体育运动和焦虑之间起部分中介作用,注意定向调节这一中介过程的后半部分路径和直接路径,注意解除调节这一中介过程的全部路径。结论:体育运动可以降低焦虑个体的负性注意偏向,且主要降低了注意解除这一注意偏向成分;注意偏向在体育运动和焦虑之间起部分中介作用,且这一中介过程受注意定向和注意解除这两种注意偏向成分的调节。

Objective:To explore the mediating role of attentional bias in improving individual anxiety through physical exercise,as well as the regulatory mechanism of attentional bias components on this mediating effect.Methods:Fifty anxious individuals were enrolled and randomly divided into exercise intervention or control groups.The exercise intervention group received aerobic exercise three times a week for 1 h each time for a total of 12 weeks,while the control group did not receive any exercise intervention.The dot-probe task was used to measure the attentional bias before and after the exercise intervention and the changes in the two attentional bias components(attentional engagement and attentional disengagement).By establishing a regulated mediation process model,it analyzed the mediation effect of attentional bias between physical exercise and individual anxiety,as well as the regulatory mechanism of attentional engagement and attentional disengagement on this mediation process.Results:1)Physical exercise can reduce anxiety and reaction time under inconsistent conditions in the dot-probe task(P<0.01),but the effect on reaction time under consistent and non-attentional allocation conditions is not significant(P>0.05);2)physical exercise can reduce the attentional bias(P<0.01)and difficulty in relieving negative emotions(P<0.01),with no significant effect on attentional engagement(P>0.05);3)attentional bias plays a partial mediating role between physical exercise and anxiety.Attentional engagement regulates the latter and direct pathways of this mediating process,while the attentional disengagement regulates all pathways of this mediating process.Conclusions:Physical exercise can reduce the negative attentional bias of anxious individuals,and mainly reduce the attentional disengagement.Attentional bias partially mediates the relationship between physical exercise and anxiety,and this mediation process is regulated by both attention‐al bias components:attentional engagement and attentional disengagement.