小行星采矿方案与动力学研究

Research on Method and Dynamics of Asteroid Mining

随着人类对自然资源需求的增加和地球上矿产资源的消耗,向外太空索取资源成为了发展的必然趋势,其中小行星采矿因非常高的经济价值备受关注。近年来,美国冥王号和日本隼鸟2号均实现了对小行星的采样返回,我国天问二号任务也将对小行星进行采样返回。目前小行星采矿方向还停留在概念阶段,为此,本文针对小行星采矿问题,在小行星多面体引力场建模和球面谐波级数表面建模的基础上,对表面开采和掠飞捕获两种小行星采矿方案和所涉及的动力学问题进行研究。针对表面开采问题,提出了一种高效的小行星表面开采方案,并选取小行星Bennu为目标,结合表面开采需求,分析了其表面动力学特性。针对掠飞捕获问题,采用集中质量非线性弹簧阻尼模型仿真模拟了柔性绳网捕获小行星的动力学过程,并分析了部分节点的位移、速度与加速度,为未来小行星采矿任务提供理论指导。

With the increase of human demand for natural resources and the consumption of mineral resources on the Earth,it has become an inevitable trend of development to obtain resources from outer space,asteroid mining has a very high economic value.In recent years,NASA's OSIRIS-REx and JAXA's Hayabusa 2 missions have both successfully returned samples from asteroids.China's Tianwen-2 mission will also carry out asteroid sampling and return.However,asteroid mining just remains at the conceptual stage.In this work,we studied two asteroid mining schemes,surface mining and fly capture,as well as the associated dynamical problems,based on the modeling of asteroid polyhedral gravitational fields and spherical harmonic series surface.For surface mining,we proposed an efficient asteroid surface mining method,with selecting asteroid Bennu as the target,and analyzed the surface dynamical characteristics of Bennu in relation to the requirements for surface mining.For fly capture,we used a concentrated mass nonlinear spring-damper model to simulate the dynamic process of capturing an asteroid with a flexible tether net,and analyzed the displacement,velocity and acceleration of some nodes,which could provide theoretical guidance for future asteroid mining missions.