中国与中亚国家农业经贸合作:状况与方向

Agricultural Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and Central Asian Countries:Status Quo and Future Direction

近来,中国与中亚五国农业合作不断深化,农产品贸易快速发展。中国与中亚的农产品贸易主要集中于哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦,与塔吉克斯坦和土库曼斯坦的农产品贸易额相对较小。中国从中亚五国进口的农产品以谷物、食用油籽、棉花和棉纱线为主,对中亚出口主要以水果和杂类食品为主,存在规模小、产品结构单一、区域不平衡等问题。中国对中亚五国的农业投资规模不高、波动较大,以绿地投资为主,并购投资规模很小,主要分布于哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦三国。投资领域存在投资壁垒较高、土地租赁受限、易受严寒气候影响、水资源短缺及土地退化盐碱化、营商环境有待改善等问题。为深化农业经贸合作,中国与中亚国家应共同推动全球及区域范围内的粮食安全治理与合作,加强农业政策沟通,以命运共同体意识引领合作,扩展投资领域与创新投融资模式,建设“中国-中亚农业交通走廊”,促进农业贸易便利化与投资合作环境的改善。

Recently,agricultural cooperation between China and the five Central Asian countries has been deepened,and agricultural product trade has developed rapidly.China's agricultural product trade with Central Asia is mainly concentrated in Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan,and the trade volume of agricultural products with Tajikistan and Turkmenistan is relatively small.China's agricultural product imports from the five Central Asian countries are mainly grains,edible oilseeds,cotton and cotton yarn,and its exports to Central Asia are mainly fruits and miscellaneous foods,in which the main problems are small scale,single product structure,and regional imbalance.China's agricultural investment in the five Central Asian countries is not high and fluctuates greatly.It is mainly greenfield investment,and the scale of M&A investment is very small,mainly distributed in Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.Problems in the investment field include:high investment barriers,limited land leasing,vulnerability to severe cold climate,water shortage and land degradation and salinization,and business environment that needs to be improved.In order to deepen agricultural economic and trade cooperation,China and Central Asian countries should jointly promote global and regional food security governance,strengthen agricultural policy communication,guide cooperation with a sense of shared destiny,expand investment areas and innovate financing models,build a"China-Central Asia Agricultural Transportation Corridor",promote agricultural trade facilitation and improve the environment for investment and cooperation.