后外侧胫骨平台骨折应用万向螺钉的有限元分析

Finite element analysis of application of variable angle screws in posterolateral tibial plateau fractures

背景:通过腓骨头上入路治疗后外侧胫骨平台骨折时,腓骨头与外侧平台间隙差无法满足所有患者行钢板后置。目的:有限元法分析腓骨头上入路治疗后外侧胫骨平台骨折过程中钢板横臂万向螺钉角度以及数量不同导致固定强度的差异。方法:选用一名30岁健康成年男性志愿者膝关节至踝关节的CT图像,建立有限元模型。根据外侧锁定加压钢板是否后置分为后置组和非后置组,后置组根据2枚万向螺钉的偏移角度分为A-D组(0°,5°,10°,15°);非后置组根据2枚万向螺钉的偏移角度分为E,F组(0°,15°)。采用有限元法评估250,500,750 N载荷下的von Mises应力分布、最大von Mises应力和压缩位移,探究各组之间的力学差异。结果与结论:①有限元分析结果显示:750 N载荷水平下,内固定装置的最大压缩位移趋势为D<B=C=F<A<E,最大von Mises应力趋势为B<C<A<D<F<E,骨的最大压缩位移趋势为C=D<B<A<F<E,最大von Mises应力趋势为B<C<A<F<D<E;6组模型在250-750 N的位移和应力趋势相似;②提示通过腓骨头上入路固定后外侧胫骨平台骨折,应尽量满足钢板后置2枚螺钉固定;当术中后置钢板仅满足1枚螺钉固定时,可使用万向螺钉在0°-15°范围内后偏,增加2枚螺钉的固定概率。

BACKGROUND:During the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures through the fibular head approach,the gap between the fibular head and the lateral plateau cannot accommodate the posterior placement of a plate for all patients.OBJECTIVE:To analyze,via finite element analysis,the differences in fixation strength resulting from varying the angles and quantities of horizontal arm variable angle screws in the plate during the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures through the fibular head approach.METHODS:A finite element model was established based on CT images of the knee to ankle joints of a 30-year-old healthy adult male volunteer.The models were divided into two categories:posteriorly placed group and non-posteriorly placed group based on whether the lateral locking compression plate was posteriorly placed.The posteriorly placed group was further subdivided into groups A-D based on the offset angle of the two variable angle screws(0°,5°,10°,and 15°).The non-posteriorly placed group was subdivided into groups E and F based on offset angles(0°and 15°).Finite element analysis was used to evaluate the von Mises stress distribution,maximum von Mises stress,and compressive displacement under loads of 250,500,and 750 N,exploring the mechanical differences between the groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Finite element analysis results showed that under a 750 N load,the maximum compressive displacement trend of the internal fixation device was D<B=C=F<A<E.The trend for maximum von Mises stress was B<C<A<D<F<E.The trend for maximum compressive displacement on the bone was C=D<B<A<F<E,and for maximum von Mises stress,it was B<C<A<F<D<E.The displacement and stress trends for the six models were similar under loads ranging from 250 N to 750 N.(2)These results suggest that for posterolateral tibial plateau fractures fixed through the fibular head approach,posterior placement of the plate should aim to accommodate two screws.If only one screw can be fixed during surgery,variable angle screws should be offset in the range of 0-15°to increase the probability of securing two screws.