下肢力线调整区域对胫骨高位截骨后膝关节功能及运动学的影响

Effect of line adjustment area of lower limbs on knee joint function and kinematics after high tibial osteotomy

背景:开放楔形胫骨高位截骨力线调整会影响膝关节后倾、髌骨高度等,另外开放楔形胫骨高位截骨过程中根据不同内翻畸形力线调整也有差异,目前负重位力线调整差异对术后膝关节相关指数以及膝关节功能的影响仍存争议。目的:探究开放楔形胫骨高位截骨过程中力线调整区域对术后膝关节功能及关节运动学的影响。方法:选择2022年3月至2023年3月山东第一医科大学附属滨州市人民医院收治的膝骨关节炎并且接受开放楔形胫骨高位截骨治疗的患者76例,男33例,女43例,均为单膝。以胫骨平台外侧缘视为100%,膝关节中央髁间嵴位置为0%,根据患肢负重位力线经过外侧平台区域的不同分为2组:力线经胫骨平台外侧0-29%的区域归为A组(39例),30%-40%归为B组(37例)。分析术前、术后的胫股角、胫骨近端内侧角、胫骨后倾角以及髌骨高度的改变;通过疼痛数字评分、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分评估膝关节症状和功能情况。结果与结论:①两组患者术后1年的胫骨后倾角、胫骨近端内侧角均较前增大(P<0.05),胫股角较术前减小、髌骨高度较术前降低(P<0.05);术后1年两组间胫骨后倾角、胫骨近端内侧角、胫股角、髌骨高度相比差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);②两组患者术后各时段HSS膝关节评分均优于术前,并呈逐渐升高趋势(P<0.05);两组间术后1周、3个月的HSS膝关节评分无显著差异(P>0.05);术后6,12个月HSS膝关节评分B组优于A组(P<0.05);③术后膝关节疼痛数字评分呈逐渐下降趋势(P<0.05),两组间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);④结果表明,开放楔形胫骨高位截骨术后中早期膝关节功能及症状明显改善,随着负重位力线外移,膝关节相关参数发生变化;术后1年随访时B组膝关节功能恢复优于A组;术后更远期膝关节功能及临床差异有待进一步的随访研究。

BACKGROUND:The adjustment of force lines in open wedge high tibial osteotomy can affect the retroversion of the knee joint and the height of the patella.In addition,the adjustment of force lines in open wedge high tibial osteotomy is also different according to different varus deformity.At present,the difference of weight bearing line adjustment is still controversial for the correlation index of knee joint and the function of knee joint after surgery.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of line adjustment area on postoperative knee function and joint kinematics during open wedge high tibial osteotomy.METHODS:Totally 76 patients with knee osteoarthritis who received open wedge high tibial osteotomy in Binzhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from March 2022 to March 2023 were selected,including 33 males and 43 females,all on one knee.The lateral border of the tibial plateau was considered as 100%.The position of the central intercondylar ridge of the knee joint was 0%.The weight bearing line of the affected limb was divided into two groups according to the difference of the lateral plateau area of the affected limb:the area of the force line passing through the lateral plateau of the tibial plateau(0-29%)was classified as group A(n=39),and the area of the lateral plateau of the tibial plateau was classified as group B(n=37)by 30%to 40%.The changes of tibiofemoral angle,medial proximal tibial angle,posterior inclination of tibia,and patellar height before and after operation were analyzed.The symptoms and function of the knee were evaluated by the Numeric Rating Scale score and the Hospital for Special Surgery knee score.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)At 1 year after surgery,the posterior inclination of tibia and the medial angle of proximal tibia were increased in both groups(P<0.05),and the tibiofemoral angle was reduced and patellar height was decreased in both groups(P<0.05).The posterior inclination of tibia,medial proximal tibial angle,tibiofemoral angle,and patellar height were significantly different between the two groups at 1 year after surgery(P<0.05).(2)The Hospital for Special Surgery knee scores of the two groups of patients at all times after surgery were better than those before surgery,and showed a gradually increasing trend(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the Hospital for Special Surgery knee scores 1 week and 3 months after surgery between the two groups(P>0.05).Hospital for Special Surgery knee score of group B at 6 and 12 months after surgery was better than that of group A(P<0.05).(3)The Numeric Rating Scale score after surgery showed a gradual downward trend(P<0.05).No significant difference was detected between the two groups(P>0.05).(4)The results show that the knee function and symptoms were significantly improved in the early and middle period after open wedge high tibial osteotomy,and the knee joint related parameters changed with the outward shift of weight bearing line.At 1-year follow-up,the functional recovery of knee joint in group B was better than that in group A.Long-term knee function and clinical differences after surgery need further follow-up study.