单侧膝骨关节炎对老年女性步态动力学和肌肉激活不对称性的影响

Effect of unilateral knee osteoarthritis on gait dynamics and muscle activation asymmetry in elderly women

背景:单侧膝骨关节炎患者下肢步态生物力学会发生异常改变,然而鲜有研究从步态不对称的角度分析膝骨关节炎患者步态动力学和肌肉激活的变化。目的:探索单侧膝骨关节炎对老年女性步态动力学和肌肉激活不对称性的影响。方法:选取2023年10月至2024年3月在北京积水潭医院贵州医院就诊的30例单膝患病的女性膝骨关节炎患者为膝骨关节炎组,并招募邻近社区无肌肉骨骼障碍的30例健康老年女性作为对照组。通过P-6000三维测力台和Free EMG300表面肌电设备同步采集两组受试者步行过程中的动力学和肌肉激活程度,动力学参数包括垂直地面反作用力的第一峰值和第二峰值,肌肉激活程度指标包括制动期和推动期股直肌、股二头肌长头以及腓肠肌外侧标准化的均方根值。分别计算K-L分级Ⅱ,Ⅲ级膝骨关节炎组患者和对照组受试者动力学和肌肉激活程度指标的不对称性指数,并通过独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析进行组间比较。结果与结论:①膝骨关节炎组患者两侧肢体垂直地面反作用力第二峰值之间差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),制动期股直肌和推动期腓肠肌外侧、股二头肌长头标准化均方根值之间的差异也有显著性意义(P<0.05);②在不对称性指数方面,两组受试者垂直地面反作用力第一峰值的不对称性指数差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),而第二峰值均方根值的差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);两组受试者制动期股直肌以及推动期腓肠肌外侧和股二头肌长头标准化均方根值的不对称性指数差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);③K-L分级Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级的膝骨关节炎组患者垂直地面反作用力第二峰值、制动期股直肌、推动期腓肠肌外侧和股二头肌长头标准化均方根值的不对称性指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),K-L分级Ⅲ级的膝骨关节炎组患者垂直地面反作用力第二峰值、制动期股直肌和推动期股二头肌长头标准化均方根的不对称性指数高于K-L分级Ⅱ级患者(P<0.05);④提示垂直地面反作用第二峰值、制动期股直肌以及推动期股二头肌长头和腓肠肌外侧肌肉激活的不对称性指数可作为识别膝骨关节炎患者步态不对称的重要指标,有利于为制定康复治疗方案提供理论基础;另外值得注意的是,在步态不对称的临床监测中应格外注意膝骨关节炎严重程度较高的患者。

BACKGROUND:Unilateral knee osteoarthritis patients experience abnormal alterations in lower extremity gait biomechanics,yet few studies have analyzed changes in gait dynamics and muscle activation in knee osteoarthritis patients from the perspective of gait asymmetry.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of unilateral knee osteoarthritis on gait dynamics and muscle activation asymmetry in elderly women.METHODS:Thirty female patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis attending Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital from October 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the knee osteoarthritis group,and 30 healthy elderly females without musculoskeletal disorders from the neighboring community were recruited as the control group.The kinetic and muscle activation levels of the subjects in both groups during walking were synchronously collected by a P-6000 force platform and a Free EMG300 surface EMG device.Kinetic parameters included the first and second peak forces of vertical ground reaction force.Muscle activation indexes included normalized root mean square values of rectus femoris,long head of biceps femoris,and lateral gastrocnemius muscle during the braking and pushing phases.Asymmetry index of the kinetic and muscle activation indexes were calculated separately in patients with K-L grade II and III knee osteoarthritis and controls and compared between groups by independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The difference between the second peak of vertical ground reaction force of both limbs in the knee osteoarthritis group was statistically significant(P<0.05),as well as the difference between the standardized root mean square of rectus femoris in the braking phase and gastrocnemius and biceps femoris in the pushing phase(P<0.05).(2)In terms of asymmetry index,the difference between the asymmetry index values of the first peak of vertical ground reaction force between the two groups of subjects was not statistically significant(P>0.05),while the difference between the second peak asymmetry index values was statistically significant(P<0.05).The difference in asymmetry index values of standardized root mean square of rectus femoris muscle during the braking phase as well as gastrocnemius and biceps femoris muscles during the pushing phase was statistically significant between the two groups of subjects(P<0.05).(3)The asymmetry index of the standardized root mean square values of the second peak of vertical ground reaction force,rectus femoris in the braking phase,gastrocnemius in the pushing phase,and biceps femoris in the osteoarthritis group of the knee with K-L classification grade II and III were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The asymmetry indices of standardized root mean square values of the second peak of vertical ground reaction force,rectus femoris in the braking phase and biceps femoris in the pushing phase were higher in the osteoarthritis group of the knee with K-L classification III than in the osteoarthritis group of the knee with classification II(P<0.05).(4)The asymmetry indices of the second peak of vertical ground reaction,the rectus femoris muscle in the braking phase,and the muscle activation of the biceps femoris and gastrocnemius muscles in the pushing phase can be used as an important index for identifying gait asymmetry in the knee osteoarthritis,which is helpful in providing a theoretical basis for the development of rehabilitation treatment programs.It is also worth noting that extra attention should be paid to patients with higher severity of knee osteoarthritis in the clinical monitoring of gait asymmetry.