单髁关节置换后患者膝关节等速肌力的特征分析

Characteristic analysis of isometric muscle strength of knee joint in patients after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

背景:膝骨关节炎作为导致老年人残疾的重要原因,目前终末期患者可进行单髁关节置换等手术治疗,但单髁置换后患者的肌肉力量恢复情况尚不明确。目的:分析单侧膝骨关节炎患者单髁关节置换后中短期膝关节等速肌力特征,并比较其与健侧的差异,分析患肢肌力的恢复情况。方法:招募2023年6-12月在青岛市市立医院进行单髁关节置换的患者,进行规范化的功能康复锻炼。于术前、术后1,3个月使用A8-2M型多关节等速训练与测试系统检测患者健侧及患侧膝关节伸屈肌峰力矩、最大单次做功,角速度为60(°)/s、关节活动范围为0°-90°。结果与结论:①在角速度60(°)/s时,术前患侧伸肌的峰力矩和最大单次做功均较健侧降低(P<0.05);②术后1个月患侧屈伸肌峰力矩和最大单次做功均较健侧显著降低(P<0.05);同时患侧术后1个月与术前相比,屈伸肌峰力矩及最大单次做功同样显著降低(P<0.05);③术后3个月,患侧屈伸肌峰力矩及屈伸肌最大单次做功与健侧已无显著性差异;同时术后3个月与术前相比,屈伸肌峰力矩已高于术前(P<0.05);④提示单髁关节置换后,经过规范的功能康复,患侧在1个月后肌力恢复较差;但3个月后,患侧肌力已同健侧无明显差异。

BACKGROUND:The knee osteoarthritis,a major cause of disability in the elderly,is currently treated with surgical procedures including unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in end-stage patients,but the recovery of muscle strength in patients after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is not well understood.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the short-term and medium-term knee isometric muscle strength characteristics of patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,to compare with those of the unaffected side,and to analyze the recovery of muscle strength in the affected limb.METHODS:Patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in the Qingdao Municipal Hospital from June to December 2023 were recruited to undergo standardized functional rehabilitation exercises.The A8-2M multi-joint isokinetic training and testing system was used to detect the peak torque and the maximum one-repetition work of the extensor muscle of the unaffected side and the affected side of the knee joint at the angular velocity of 60(°)/s and the range of joint motion of 0°-90°before,1 and 3 months after surgery.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)At an angular velocity of 60(°)/s,the peak moment and maximum one-repetition work of the flexor and extensor muscles of the affected side were lower than those of the unaffected side preoperatively(P<0.05).(2)The peak moment and maximum one-repetition work of the flexor and extensor muscles were significantly lower than those of the unaffected side 1 month postoperatively(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the peak moment of the flexor and extensor muscles and the maximum one-repetition work of the flexor and extensor muscles on the affected side at 1 month postoperatively were significantly lower than those on the affected side preoperatively(P<0.05).(3)The peak moment of the flexor and extensor muscles and the maximum one-repetition work of the flexor and extensor muscles on the affected side at 3 months postoperatively had no significant difference from those on the unaffected side.The peak flexor-extensor moment of the flexor-extensor muscles on the affected side was higher than that preoperatively(P<0.05).(4)It is indicated that after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,the muscle strength on the affected side is poor after 1 month after standard functional rehabilitation.However,after 3 months,there was no significant difference between the affected side and the unaffected side.