糖尿病加剧椎间盘退变的作用途径

Mechanism by which diabetes exacerbates intervertebral disc degeneration

背景:糖尿病通过多种途径加剧椎间盘退变,良好的血糖控制有利于预防椎间盘退变。目的:回顾糖尿病与椎间盘退变的关系,为临床治疗糖尿病患者的椎间盘退变性疾病提供参考。方法:在中国知网、PubMed数据库进行文献检索,检索时限为1980-2023年,以“糖尿病,椎间盘退变,软骨终板变性,细胞凋亡,晚期糖基化产物,渗透压应激”为中文检索词,以“diabetes,intervertebral disc degeneration,cartilage endplate degeneration,apoptosis,advanced glycation end products,osmotic stress”为英文检索词,最终纳入73篇文献进行归纳分析。结果与结论:①糖尿病诱导的椎间盘退变与生理性退变的病理生理过程不同,糖尿病诱导椎间盘退变的主要机制包括:细胞内高血糖状态,微血管病变导致椎间盘血供受损,细胞衰老、凋亡及自噬,晚期糖基化产物堆积,渗透压应激,其他途径导致的细胞外基质成分破坏;②姜黄素、白藜芦醇、羽扇豆醇等药物具有治疗椎间盘退变的作用,但需进一步在临床治疗中证明其安全性及有效性。

BACKGROUND:Diabetes exacerbates intervertebral disc degeneration in a number of ways,and good glycemic control is beneficial in preventing intervertebral disc degeneration.OBJECTIVE:To review the relationship between diabetes and intervertebral disc degeneration to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of disc degeneration in patients with diabetes.METHODS:Literature searches were performed in CNKI and PubMed databases for articles published from 1980 to 2023.The Chinese and English search terms were“diabetes,intervertebral disc degeneration,cartilage endplate degeneration,apoptosis,advanced glycation end products,osmotic stress.”Finally,73 articles were included for summary and analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The pathophysiological process of diabetes-induced intervertebral disc degeneration is different from that of physiological degeneration.The main mechanisms of diabetes-induced intervertebral disc degeneration include:intracellular hyperglycemia,impaired blood supply to the intervertebral discs due to microvascular pathology,cellular senescence,apoptosis,and autophagy,accumulation of advanced glycation end products,osmotic stress,and destruction of the extracellular matrix components due to other pathways.(2)Drugs such as curcumin,resveratrol,and lupeol have therapeutic effects on intervertebral disc degeneration,but their safety and effectiveness need to be further demonstrated in clinical treatment.