甜瓜种质资源遗传多样性分析与评价

Analysis and evaluation of genetic diversity of melon germplasm resources

为筛选出优质的甜瓜种质资源,对吉林省蔬菜花卉科学研究院现存的65份甜瓜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析与评价,对其果实主要性状进行调查统计、数据分析。通过对果实性状进行遗传分析,发现其变异系数的变化范围为16.62%~59.25%,多样性指数变化范围为4.11~4.38;对甜瓜果实性状进行相关性分析,有22对性状间呈极显著相关,有2对性状间呈显著相关;对甜瓜资源的果实性状进行主成分分析,在累积贡献率为84.19%处,筛选出了5个主成分因子,分别为糖酸因子、质量因子、表型因子、果柄因子、品质因子;对甜瓜果实性状进行聚类分析,在欧式距离12.5处将65份甜瓜种质资源聚为三大类群;通过综合评价得分计算,筛选出了10份果实性状较好的种质资源,分别为卡加里麝香、Q196、拉贾斯坦蜜瓜、FY39、斑比洋香瓜、Q174、Q171、浓郁的甜味132、蜜露、Q163,他们的品质优良、单果质量适中。

To screen out high-quality melon germplasm resources,genetic diversity analysis and evaluation were conducted on 65 existing melon germplasm resources at Jilin Vegetable and Flower Science Research Institute.The investigation,statistics,and data analysis were conducted on the main fruit traits.Through genetic analysis of the fruit,it was found that the coefficient of variation ranged from 16.62%to 59.25%,and the diversity index ranged from 4.11 to 4.38.Correlation analysis was conducted on the fruit traits of cantaloupe,with 22 traits showing extremely significant correlation and 2 traits showing significant correlation.Principal component analysis was conducted on the fruit traits of melon resources,and five principal component factors were selected at a cumulative contribution rate of 84.19%,namely sugar acid factor,mass factor,phenotype factor,fruit stem factor,and quality factor.Cluster analysis was conducted on the fruit traits of cantaloupe,and 65 cantaloupes were clustered into three major groups at a Euclidean distance of 12.5.Through comprehensive evaluation score calculation,10 varieties with good traits were selected,including Kagari Musk,Q196,Rajasthan Honey Melon,FY39,Bambi Western Melon,Q174,Q171,Rich Sweetness 132,Milu,Q163,which had excellent quality and moderate fruit mass.