不同叶面肥对温室番茄生长和果实品质的影响

Effects of different foliar fertilizers on the growth and fruit quality of greenhouse tomato

为筛选出适宜南疆设施番茄生长的叶面肥种类,提高番茄产量及品质,以瑞粉518作为供试品种,采用随机区组试验,以清水喷施作为对照(CK),共设4个叶面肥处理,分别为腐植酸水溶肥料(T1)、流体硼+磷酸二氢钾组合(T2)、氨基酸水溶肥料(T3)、微量元素水溶肥料(T4),从幼苗期开始喷施,连喷4次,研究不同叶面肥处理对番茄生长指标、光合指标、产量及品质指标的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,4种叶面肥在促进番茄生长、提高光合效率和产量,以及改善果实品质等方面均有不同程度的积极作用,其中微量元素水溶肥料(T4)与CK相比能显著促进植株生长,叶绿素含量显著提高8.74%,光合作用显著增强,商品果率显著提高10.54个百分点,产量显著提高10.45%,同时显著提高番茄的单果质量及番茄红素、可溶性糖、维生素C、总酚和类黄酮含量。主成分分析结果表明,T4处理对提高番茄果实品质效果最佳。总体来说,喷施叶面肥可以有效促进番茄生长,提高光合能力,增加产量,改善品质,其中以喷施微量元素水溶肥料(T4)效果最佳。

In order to screen suitable foliar fertilizers for the growth of facility tomato in southern Xinjiang,improve tomato yield and quality,Ruifen 518 was used as the test variety,and randomized block experiment was conducted with water spraying(CK)as the control.Four foliar fertilizer treatments were set up,including humic acid water-soluble fertilizer(T1),fluid boron+potassium dihydrogen phosphate combination(T2),amino acid water-soluble fertilizer(T3),and trace element water-soluble fertilizer(T4).The effects of different foliar fertilizer treatments on tomato growth indicators,photosynthetic indicators,yield,and quality indicators were studied by spraying four times from the seedling stage.The results showed that compared with CK,the four foliar fertilizers had varying degrees of positive effects on promoting tomato growth,improving photosynthetic characteristics and yield,and improving fruit quality.Among them,the trace element water-soluble fertilizer(T4)significantly promoted plant growth compared with CK,with significant increase of 8.74%in chlorophyll content,a significant enhancement of photosynthesis,significant increase of 10.54 percentage points in commercial fruit rate,significant increase of 10.45%in yield,and significantly increase in tomato single fruit mass,lycopene,soluble sugar,vitamin C,total phenols,and flavonoids content.In summary,water soluble fertilizer treatment of trace elements in southern Xinjiang can effectively promote growth,improve photosynthesis,increase yield and improve quality,and this treatment provides a theoretical basis for building a technical system to improve tomato yield and quality.