不同生物农药对温室番茄白粉虱的毒力测定及田间防效

Toxicity determination and field control effect of different biopesticides on Trialeurodes vaporariorum in greenhouse tomato

为筛选适宜的生物农药进行绿色防控,测定了60 g·L^(-1)乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂、5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐悬浮剂、5%阿维菌素乳油、0.5%苦参碱水剂4种生物农药对番茄白粉虱的毒力效果,并进行了农药安全性评价和田间防治试验。室内毒力测定结果表明,4种供试生物农药中甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐悬浮剂对温室番茄白粉虱的毒力最高,LC_(50)为2.251 mg·L^(-1);苦参碱毒力最低,LC_(50)为17.592 mg·L^(-1)。安全性评价试验结果表明,药后21 d各供试番茄品种均无变色、坏死、生长发育延缓和萎蔫、畸形等药害症状,生长速率抑制率、落果率无明显影响,除60 g·L^(-1)乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂对金棚10号番茄安全系数为2.0之外,其余3种药剂对番茄的安全系数均为4.0。田间试验结果表明,药后1~15 d,4种供试生物农药的虫口减退率均显著高于清水对照,其中5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐悬浮剂对番茄白粉虱的防治速效性和持效性最好,处理后1~15 d虫口减退率为63.232%~91.276%,防治效果达58.379%~90.823%。研究结果为温室番茄安全生产的生物农药选择提供了重要支撑和依据。

Trialeurodes vaporariorum are one of the main pests in tomato cultivation,and controlling their occurrence is of great significance for ensuring tomato yield and quality.In order to screen suitable biopesticides for green control,the toxicity effects of four biopesticides(60 g·L^(-1)etridiazole suspension agent,5%emamectin benzoate suspension,5%abamectin emulsion,0.5%matrine water solution)on T.vaporariorum were determined,and pesticide safety evaluation and field control experiments were conducted.The indoor toxicity test results showed that among the four tested biopesticides,the suspension of emamectin benzoate had the highest toxicity to T.vaporariorum in greenhouse tomato,with an LC_(50)of 2.251 mg·L^(-1);Matrine has the lowest toxicity,with an LC_(50)of 17.592 mg·L^(-1).The safety evaluation test results showed that after 21 d of treatment,all tested tomato varieties showed no symptoms of discoloration,necrosis,delayed growth and development,wilting,deformities,or other drug damage.There was no significant effect on growth rate inhibition rate and fruit drop rate.The safety factor of 60 g·L^(-1)etridiazole suspension agent for Golden Tent No.10 tomato was 2.0,while the safety factors of the other three agents for tomato were all 4.0.The results of field experiments showed that the insect reduction rate of the four tested biopesticides were significantly higher than those of the water control from 1 d to 15 d after treatment.Among them,the 5%emamectin benzoate suspension had the best rapid and sustained effect on controlling T.vaporariorum,with insect reduction rate of 63.232%to 91.276%and control effect of 58.379%to 90.823%from 1 d to 15 d after treatment.The research results provide important support and basis for the selection of biopesticides for the safe production in greenhouse tomato.