分类施策:产业政策影响工业智能化的经验证据

Categorized Polices:Empirical Evidence of the Effects of Industrial Policies on Industrial Intelligence

如何借助产业政策的力量提升工业智能化水平,成为新科技革命时代众多发展中国家面临的紧迫课题。本文循着产业政策分类的思路,分别刻画了不同类型产业政策影响工业智能化发展的作用机制,并利用公开数据和爬虫数据进行经验研究。结果表明:(1)产业政策能够有效促进工业智能化。(2)资助智能化技术研发政策激励效果相对较弱,提振智能化产品需求政策及改善智能化创新环境政策激励效果相对较强;三类产业政策分别通过改善企业融资约束、增加市场智能化产品需求、保护企业创新成果的作用渠道促进工业智能化。(3)工业智能化产业政策具备一定程度的“扶弱”效应,企业微观特征会影响产业政策的激励效果,产业政策对竞争能力较弱的企业、地区和产业的激励效果更好。本文的政策含义在于:政府在制定及实施产业政策时需要建立政策量化评估体系,对产业政策的分类、实施效果进行科学研判;对于不同类型企业,政府要有针对性地调整政策实施力度,合理分配工业智能化生产要素。

Leveraging industrial policies to enhance industrial intelligence levels is crucial for the transformation and upgrading of the national economy and the enhancement of competitiveness,serving as a key path to achieving high-quality development and enhancing new quality productive forces.Therefore,this paper delves into the precise implementation of industrial policies to effectively increase the overall industrial intelligence level.Based on categorized industrial policies,this paper analyzes the distinct mechanisms through which the three types of industrial policies—those supporting the R&D of intelligent technology,stimulating the demand for intelligent products,and improving the environment for intelligent innovation—impact the advancement of industrial intelligence.Furthermore,it conducts empirical research by taking industrial firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2010 to 2020 as research samples and using text data on industrial policies collected from corresponding provincial-level regions through web crawling technology.It reveals the intrinsic logic of using industrial policies to promote industrial intelligence and provides evidence from the micro-level perspective of enterprises.The findings are as follows.(1)Overall,industrial policies can drive industrial intelligence,although the incentive effects vary among different types of policies.(2)Policies supporting the R&D of intelligent technology exhibit a weaker incentive effect than the other two types of policies.All types of policies promote industrial intelligence through channels such as mitigating corporate financing constraints,increasing market demand for intelligent products,and protecting corporate innovation outcomes.(3)Industrial intelligence policies exhibit a“supporting the weak”effect.Meanwhile,the micro-characteristics of enterprises affect the incentive effects of industrial policies,with better effects observed in weak enterprises,underdeveloped regions,and weak industries characterized by limited resource endowments.This phenomenon may arise from the greater potential for intelligent transformation within these weaker entities,which allows industrial policies to drive their processes of industrial intelligence more effectively.This paper offers profound policy implications.When formulating and implementing industrial policies,the government needs to establish a quantitative policy evaluation system,make precise judgments on the classification and implementation of different types of industrial policies,and ensure the effectiveness and pertinence of the policies.In response to enterprise heterogeneity,the government should flexibly adjust the intensity of policy implementation,adopt differentiated policy instruments,and rationally allocate the production factors required for industrial intelligence to promote overall industrial upgrading.The government also needs to ensure a fair competitive and innovative environment to enhance the driving role of industrial policies in advancing industrial intelligence.