人机合作育儿:高强度母职与智能化教养的划界工作与关系调节

Human-AI Robots Cooperative Child-Rearing:Boundary Work and Relationship Adjustment on Intensive Mothering and Intelligent Childcare

AI技术加持的早教与陪伴机器人逐步嵌入中国家庭的亲职劳动,本研究将这一媒介现象概括为“人机合作育儿”。受“贤妻良母”传统文化意识的影响,育儿劳动成为一种“高强度母职”。现有研究多聚焦智能育儿机器人之于高强度母职的赋权与冲突,而对于女性与智能化育儿代理人的契洽与抵抗、互动与区隔等复杂关系还缺乏深入细致的讨论。本研究以“划界工作”这一社会学概念为基本分析框架,基于对正使用智能育儿机器人的20位中国中产阶层女性的深度访谈与参与式观察,发现女性以人机合作育儿的意义、场景与风格作为划界工作的三种取向,调节、确认与重构高强度母职与智能化教养的互动关系。“人机合作育儿”充分展现了性别与技术的交叉如何在动态中强化又削弱女性的母职经验,彰显了技术干预下代间连结与社会性别互动的复杂性。

Against the background of the increasing integration of AI-enabled early childhood education and companion robots into Chinese family dynamics,this study characterizes this mediated phenomenon as“Human-AI Robots Cooperative Child-Rearing”.Under the influence of the traditional cultural ideals of“being a dutiful wife and loving mother”,child-rearing has evolved into what is termed“intensive mothering”.At present,the majority of research centers on the dualistic“empowerment-conflict”relationship between AI child-rearing robots and intensive mothering,while neglecting in-depth and comprehensive exploration of the intricate dynamics of consensus,resistance,interaction,and segmentation between women and AI child-rearing surrogates.Using the sociological concept of“boundary work”as its foundational analytical framework,this study is grounded in in-depth interviews and participant observation with 20 middle-class Chinese women who employ AI child-rearing robots in their households.The study found that women utilize the meanings,scenes,and styles of human-AI robots cooperative child-rearing as the three key orientations of boundary work,while engaging in adjusting,identifying,and redefining the interactive relationship between intensive mothering and AI child-rearing.Human-AI Robots Cooperative Child-Rearing also illustrates how the intersection between gender and technology both strengthens and challenges women’s maternal experiences dynamically,thus emphasizing the intricate nature of intergenerational connections and gender dynamics when confronted with technological interventions.