媒介化灾难治理中的持续参与者——基于郑州暴雨“救援文档”的研究

The Serial Participants in Mediatized Disaster Governance:A Case Study of Rescue Document in Zhengzhou Rainstorm

近年来频繁发生的极端天气灾害给灾难治理带来了新的挑战。本文基于2021年郑州暴雨救援中广为传播的《待救援人员信息》在线协作文档,探索了自组织社群通过媒介化的方式实现灾难救援中的协同治理的过程。研究结果表明,自组织社群中的持续参与者是促成救援成功的核心要素。首先,持续参与者通过扮演网络中介和缩短成员间的互动距离,成功提高了待救援人员转化为成功救援人员的概率;其次,正是由于持续参与者针对救援文档中出现的问题促成的供需匹配、资源部署、加速信息流动、联结多元行动者等解决方案,包括国家、市场和公众在内的多方利益相关者之间持续互动的利益调和与联合行动过程才得以实现。最后,本文讨论了灾害中的媒介化治理的特征,回应了在深入推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的战略目标之下,基于数字媒介技术的治理革新如何实现治理效能优化的问题。

The frequent occurrence of extreme weather disasters in recent years poses new challenges for disaster governance.Through the examination of public participation in an online collaborative editing document in the 2021 rainstorm rescue in Zhengzhou,this article explores the process of self-organizing communities achieving collaborative governance in disaster relief through media.The research results indicate that serial participant in self-organizing communities is a core element contributing to the success of rescue efforts.Firstly,serial participants successfully increased the probability of converting victims in need to victims rescued by acting as network intermediaries and shortening the interaction distances between participants.Secondly,it is precisely because of the solutions of supply and demand matching,resource deployment,accelerating the flow of information,connecting multiple actors proposed by serial participants,that the interest reconciliation and joint action between multiple stakeholders,including the state,the market and the public,can be realized.Finally,as a response to China’s strategic goal of deepening the modernization of governance systems and governance capabilities,this article discusses the characteristics of mediatized governance in disasters,and how governance innovation based on digital media technology can optimize efficiency.