论教育机制

On the Educational Mechanism

“教育机制”一词被广泛使用,但其内涵不确定,边界不清晰。对机制的探索表明,人们不满足于对现象的认识,力图把握必然规律和因果联系,是更高层次的追求。尽管自然科学、社会科学对机制的理解存在差异,但仍有六点共识。共同认可机制是结构化的实体活动与活动结果之间的因果联系。教育机制是教育实体与教育结果之间的因果联系,是教育实体产生教育效果或发挥教育功能的方式。教育机制是教育的机制,而不是社会对教育的机制。教育机制是具有生产能力的教育活动的机制,没有生产能力的静态的教育要素不可能存有教育机制。教育机制通过教育效果得到证实,没有教育效果的支持,教育机制只能是想象的、虚幻的。教育机制体现了教育实体、教育活动与教育效果之间的因果联系,这种联系可能是稳定的、必然的,也可能是随机的、偶然的。教育机制有层次结构,其向上或向外结构是社会机制,其平行结构是同属于社会机制的政治机制、经济机制、文化机制等,其向下或向内结构则是学习机制、教学机制等。教育机制不同于教育制度、教育体制,不同于教育规律,有别于教育过程。界定教育机制的内涵和外延,把握其本质特点,是建设中国特色教育学学科体系、学术体系和话语体系的必然要求。

The term"educational mechanism"is widely used,but it has uncertain connotations and unclear boundaries.The exploration into mechanisms shows that people are not satisfied with the understanding of phenomena,but try to grasp the inevitable law and the causal relationship,which reflects their pursuit at a higher level.Although people have different understandings of mechanisms in natural and social sciences,they still reach a consensus on six points.A commonly-recognized mechanism is a structured causal link between entities'activities and their results.The educational mechanism represents the causal link between educational entities and educational results,and it signifies the manner in which educational entities produce educational effects or fulfill educational functions.It is the mechanism inherent to education,rather than the mechanism of society toward education.It is a productive mechanism for educational activities,and static educational elements without productive capacity cannot sustain it.It is proved by educational effects;without their support,it can merely be imaginary and illusory.It embodies the causal links between educational entities,educational activities and educational effects,and the links are likely to be stable and inevitable,or random and incidental.The educational mechanism has a hierarchical structure;its upward or outward structure corresponds to the social mechanism,its parallel structure encompasses the political mechanism,the economic mechanism,and cultural mechanism and so on,which belong to the social mechanism,and its downward or inward structure includes the learning mechanism,the teaching mechanism and so on.The educational mechanism is different from the educational system,the educational institution,the educational law and the educational process.Defining the connotations and extensions of the educational mechanism and grasping its essential features are the inevitable requirements for the construction of the disciplinary system,the academic system,and the discourse system of pedagogy with Chinese characteristics.