绥芬河河蟹种质资源评价

Evaluation on germplasm resources of Suifenhe crab

绥芬河河蟹是中国黑龙江省绥芬河流域重要的土著河蟹种质资源,目前东北地区养殖河蟹普遍存在种质退化,进而导致养成河蟹规格小和抗逆性差等问题,因此为助力东北地区河蟹产业高质量发展,开发具有潜在经济价值的河蟹种质资源成为重要的研究方向之一。该项目组收集野生绥芬河河蟹300只,开展了分析测定。对绥芬河河蟹种质进行遗传多样性分析,筛选14个多态性高的位点,通过DNA提取、PCR扩增和毛细管电泳等技术方法,探究野生绥芬河河蟹的遗传多样性参数;对成蟹体重、色泽及常规营养成分进行测定;统计河蟹性成熟数据并计算平均体重;测定性成熟个体的头胸甲长、头胸甲宽;解剖取出肝胰腺和性腺;精刮肌肉,测定可食率、色泽及常规营养成分。结果表明:绥芬河河蟹的平均等位基因数Na为(17.57±1.62),有效等位基因数Ne为(9.14±0.92),观测杂合度Ho为(0.76±0.04),期望杂合度He为(0.86±0.03),多态性信息含量PIC为(0.83±0.03),香农威纳指数I为(2.36±0.12),说明野生绥芬河河蟹遗传多样性较高。到9月末时,绥芬河河蟹存在性成熟和非性成熟两种状态,未性成熟河蟹平均体重为(73.81±2.39)g,性成熟河蟹的平均体重则为(121.60±3.14)g。性成熟河蟹的肝胰腺指数HSI为(7.55±0.29)%、性腺指数GSI为(2.02±0.16)%,出肉率MY为(32.85±0.48)%,总可食率TEY为(42.42±0.52)%。性腺和肌肉中粗蛋白含量较高,而肝胰腺中粗脂肪含量较高。综上所述,野生绥芬河河蟹具有遗传多样性高,性成熟个体平均体重大,且大规格个体占比较高,可食组织比例、肥满度指标、色泽及常规营养品质与现已开发利用的辽河和长江水系河蟹无明显差异,是一种具有较大开发潜力的河蟹新种质。

Suifenhe crab is an important germplasm resource of indigenous river crab in Suifenhe River basin,Heilongjiang Province,China.At present,germplasm degradation of cultured river crab is common in Northeast China,which leads to problems such as small size and poor stress resistance of cultured river crab.Therefore,in order to help the high-quality development of river crab industry in Northeast China,developing the germplasm resources with potential economic value has become one of the important research directions.The project team collected 300 wild Suifenhe river crabs and carried out analysis and determination.The genetic diversity of Suifenhe crab germplasm was analyzed,and 14 sites with high polymorphism were selected.The genetic diversity parameters of wild Suifenhe crab were investigated by DNA extraction,PCR amplification and capillary electrophoresis.The weight,color and conventional nutrients of adult crabs were measured.The data of sexual maturity and average body weight of Suifenhe crab were calculated.The length and width of the cuticle of the sexually mature individual were measured.Anatomic extraction of hepatopancreas and gonads;The muscle was scraped and the edible rate,color and conventional nutrients were determined.The results show that:The average number of alleles Na was(17.57±1.62),the effective number Ne was(9.14±0.92),the observed heterozygosity Ho was(0.76±0.04),the expected heterozygosity He was(0.86±0.03),and the polymorphism information content PIC was(0.83±0.03).The Shannon-Weiner index I was(2.36±0.12),indicating that the genetic diversity of wild Suifenhe crab was high.By the end of September,Suifenhe crab had two states:sexual maturity and non-sexual maturity.The average weight of immature river crab was(73.81±2.39)g,and that of mature river crab was(121.60±3.14)g.The hepatopancreas index HSI was(7.55±0.29)%,the gonadal index GSI was(2.02±0.16)%,the meat yield MY was(32.85±0.48)%and the total edible rate TEY was(42.42±0.52)%.The crude protein content was higher in the gonads and muscles,while the crude fat content was higher in the hepatopancreas.In conclusion,Suifenhe crab has high genetic diversity,high average body weight of sexually mature individuals,and a relatively high proportion of large size individuals.The proportion of edible tissue,fullness index,color and conventional nutritional quality are not significantly different from that of Liaohe River and Yangtze River river crabs,and it is a new germplasm with great potential for development.