安徽省土地利用转型的生态环境效应及驱动因素分析

Eco-environmental Effects and Driving Factors of Land Use Transformation in Anhui Province

研究“三生”用地转型的生态效应是了解区域生态环境质量变化趋势的重要途径。从“三生”空间视角,运用生态环境质量指数和生态贡献率研究2000~2020年安徽省土地利用功能转型的时空演变对生态环境产生的影响,并运用偏最小二乘回归模型对土地利用转型期间产生生态效应的驱动力因素进行探索。研究得出3点结论。一是安徽省“三生”空间用地结构整体趋于稳定,生活空间逐渐扩张,研究期内面积增加2588.41平方千米,生产、生态空间略有紧缩,面积分别减少2517.77平方千米、73.61平方千米。二是生态环境质量变化趋势为稳定下降,但变化幅度较小,生态环境质量指数由0.4424下降到0.4396。生态环境质量分布呈阶梯状,整体为“西南高、东北低”的空间分布格局。研究期内生态环境质量整体略微下降,生态质量指数变化明显地区主要分布于合肥市周边、皖江城市带及淮河沿岸等地。三是各驱动因素中,产业结构优化、能源结构调整和生态建设对生态环境质量都具有明显的促进作用,人口增加、社会消费增加、部分地区经济发展对生态环境产生负面影响,而对外贸易各指标对生态环境产生的影响有所差异。提出:关注重点区域环境提升,推动安徽省生态文明建设;优先保护生态空间,提高生态安全水平;充分发挥环境倒逼作用,加快生产方式绿色转型等对策建议。以期为安徽省推进绿色发展提供参考。

Studying the ecological effects of the transformation of the"production-living-ecology"space land use is an important way to understand the trend of changes in regional ecological environment quality.From the spatial perspective of the"production-living-ecology",the ecological environment quality index and ecological contribution rate are used to study the impact of the spatial and temporal evolution of land use transformation on the ecological environment in Anhui Province from 2000-2020,and the partial least squares regression model is used to explore the driving factors of the ecological effect during the land use transformation.The study showed that a stable overall land structure of"production-living-ecology"space in Anhui Province tends a gradually expanding living space,an increasing area by 2588.41 square kilometers from2000 to 2020,and a slightly shrinking production and ecological space by 2517.77 and 73.61 square kilometers,respectively.The trend of ecological environment quality has steadily declined,but the change range was small,with an decrease of the ecological environment quality index from 0.4424 to 0.4396.The distribution of ecological environment quality was step-shaped,and the overall spatial distribution pattern was"high in the southwest and low in the northeast".In the past 20 years,the overall ecological environment quality has decreased slightly,and the obvious ecological quality change index is mainly distributed in the surrounding areas of Hefei City,the urban belt of the Wanjiang River and the banks of the Huai River.Among the driving factors,industrial structure optimization,energy structure adjustment and ecological construction have an obvious promoting effects on ecological environment quality.The increase in population and social consumption as well as the economic development in some areas have made a negative impact on the ecological environment,while the impact of various indicators of foreign trade on the ecological environment is different.It is proposed to focus on the improvement of the environment in key areas and promote the construction of ecological civilization in Anhui Province,give priority to the protection of ecological space and improve the level of ecological security,and give full play to the role of environmental reversal and accelerate the green transformation of production methods,thereby providing reference for Anhui Province in promoting green development.