从辩证的角度思考内在性和超越性——阿多诺对中立化形而上学的批判及其启示

To Consider Immanence and Transcendence from the Dialectical Point of View——Adorno’s Critique of Neutralized Metaphysics and Its Enlightenment

传统形而上学是局限在自我持存模式中的形而上学,现代哲学在否定传统形而上学的同时也保留了形而上学,但这些新的形而上学却缺乏批判的维度,是中立化的形而上学。海德格尔的死亡哲学虽然要超越传统形而上学,但仍然是自我持存模式的延伸。它与悲叹“一切皆空”的超越论调一样都缺乏对现实的批判性反思。因此,虽然阿多诺与海德格尔一样都把超越的东西内在化,但是他们在处理超越性和内在性的关系上有着重要的差别。阿多诺对于内在性和超越性的关系的辩证理解对于我们今天重新思考形而上学具有重要的启发意义,对于我们重新思考人类文明也具有重要的启发意义。

The traditional metaphysics is confined to the self-sustaining mode.Modern philosophy has retained metaphysics while rejecting traditional metaphysics,but these new metaphysics lack a critical dimension and are neutralized metaphysics.Although Heidegger’s philosophy of death goes beyond traditional metaphysics,it is still an extension of the self-sustaining mode.It lacks the same critical reflection on reality as the transcendental lament that“everything is empty”.Therefore,although both Adorno and Heidegger internalize the transcendent,there are important differences in how they deal with the relationship between transcendence and immanence.Adorno’s dialectical understanding of the relationship between immanence and transcendence has important enlightening significance for us to rethink metaphysics and human civilization.