我国草原鼠害防治靶向诱饵研究进展

Research progress of targeted bait for rodent pest control in grasslands of China

啮齿动物是草地生态系统不可或缺的成分,在维持生态系统结构等方面发挥着重要作用,但鼠害也是我国草地退化的原因之一。我国草原类型多样,各类型草原为害鼠种差异较大,因此,草原鼠害防治需要“一鼠一策”。在“生态优先,绿色发展”背景下,我国草原鼠害防控要走“专鼠专治、精准防治”的绿色防控之路。目前我国草原鼠害化学防控面临可使用的注册药物少,新型药物的研发周期长且审批严格,现有药物靶标特异性差的困境,这一现状短期难以改变。但是靶向诱饵研发可以作为解决上述问题的重要途径。该文对鼠害化学防治诱饵的研发现状、分类、各类诱饵的优缺点、目前面临的问题以及提升诱饵靶向性途径等方面进行了综述,认为靶向诱饵从增强目标害鼠对其取食吸引力入手,提升对现有控鼠药物靶向性的同时,可以减少对非靶标动物的伤害,节约原粮和维持草原生态系统的生物多样性,在未来我国草原鼠害的防治中具有广阔的应用前景。但是目前靶向诱饵的研究数量较少,无论是在机理研究或应用研究方面都不够深入;相关专利数量偏少且缺乏转化,草原鼠害防控相关学者和企业应对诱饵研发予以重视。

Rodents are indispensable components in grassland ecosystems,and play important roles in maintaining the ecosystem structure.However,rodent pest damage is also one of the reasons for grass-land degradation in China.Rodent pests are diversified in different grassland types in China.Therefore,a“one rodent pest species to one control strategy”is necessary for grassland pest control.Under the pol-icy of“ecological priority and green development”in China,the prevention and control of grassland ro-dent pests should follow the environment-friendly way with“specific treatment and precise control for specific rodent species”.However,at present,the chemical control of rodent pests in China faces the di-lemma of few rodenticides being permitted in grassland,long research and development cycle of new rodenticides and strict registration procedure,and poor specificity of effective constituents in current ro-denticides,which is difficult to change in the short term.Improving the target specificity of base bait can be an expected solution.Targeted bait is designed to increase the attraction for target pests to feed them,improve the target specificity of existing rodenticide,reduce the harm to non-target ani-mals,save grains used for baits and maintain the biodiversity in grassland ecosystems.Targeted bait has broad application prospects in grassland rodent pest control in China.However,there are few researches on targeted bait either in action mechanism or application.In this article,we review the research and de-velopment status and classification of baits for rodent pest control,the advantages and disadvantages of various types of baits,and the ways to improve the target specificity.We aim to draw the attention of scholars and enterprises related to the rodent pest control in grasslands in China.