新疆阿勒泰地区草原鼠害现状调查及鼠类多样性分析

Survey of grassland rodent damage and analysis of rodent diversity in Altay Prefecture,Xinjiang

为指导阿勒泰地区草原鼠害防治工作,于2022年6—7月在阿勒泰地区7个县(市)设置51条踏查路线463个踏查点位,对鼠害发生等级、主要鼠害的种类、数量及发生密度进行调查,并对物种多样性和群落相似性进行分析。结果表明:17.49%的踏查点位发生了鼠害,其中95.06%分布在东中部的富蕴县、青河县和福海县;捕获的251只鼠隶属4科7属11种,其中黄兔尾鼠Eolagurus luteus占比达67.33%。在县域水平上,富蕴县、福海县和阿勒泰市的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀性指数和Simpson优势度指数均处于较高水平;富蕴县和青河县的群落相似性指数最高,为0.81,而阿勒泰市与吉木乃县的群落相似性指数最低,为0。在4个草原类型中,温性草原鼠类的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀性指数和Simpson优势度指数均最高,而温性荒漠草原的这4个指标较低;群落相似性指数在温性荒漠草原与温性荒漠间(0.46)和山地草甸与温性草原间(0.33)较高,而温性草原和温性荒漠的群落相似性指数最低,仅为0.24。表明阿勒泰地区草原鼠害总体发生水平高于全国平均水平,呈现东高西低的分布特点;优势种害鼠黄兔尾鼠应作为重点害鼠进行防控。

A survey was conducted in the Altay region from June to July 2022 to enhance rodent pest management strategies in grasslands.Across seven counties and four types of grasslands,a total of 51 transects and 463 survey points were utilized to assess rodent damage levels,the population sizes of dominant species,the species diversity,and community similarities of rodents.The results indicated that 17.49%of survey points exhibited rodent damage,95.06%of which were concentrated in central and eastern counties,including Fuyun,Qinghe,and Fuhai.We captured 251 rodents,representing four fami-lies,seven genera,and 11 species,with Eolagurus luteus comprising 67.33%.Counties with higher spe-cies diversity and richness,as indicated by Margalef,Shannon-Wiener,Pielou,and Simpson indices,in-cluded Fuyun,Fuhai,and Altay.The highest community similarity index(0.81)was observed between Fuyun and Qinghe,while the lowest(0)was between Altay and Jimunai.The diversity indexes of ro-dents were found to be highest in temperate steppes among the four types of grasslands,while they were lower in temperate desert steppes.Community similarity indexes indicated higher similarity between desert grasslands and temperate deserts(0.46),and between mountain meadows and temperate grass-lands(0.33),compared to between temperate grasslands and temperate deserts(0.24).These results sug-gest that rodent damage in Altay grasslands exceeds the national average,with a distribution pattern of being more prevalent in the east than in the west.Therefore,effective population management strategies should prioritize addressing the dominance of E.luteus as a pest species.