浙江省2011-2023年登革热流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Zhejiang Province,2011-2023

目的分析浙江省2011—2023年登革热流行特征,为浙江省制定登革热防控策略提供科学依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集浙江省2011—2023年登革热病例信息,采用SPSS26.0软件对登革热输入病例和本地病例的性别、年龄、职业、季节分布、地区分布、发病到确诊时间间隔进行描述性分析和统计学分析。结果浙江省2011—2023年共报告3021例登革热病例,其中1421例输入病例,1600例本地病例。男性1692例,女性1329例,男女性别比为1.27∶1,输入病例中男性构成比(62.28%)高于本地病例中男性构成比(50.44%)(χ^(2)=42.838,P<0.001)。本地病例主要集中在40~<70岁,输入病例主要集中在20~<50岁,本地病例年龄大于输入病例年龄(Z=-18.435,P<0.001)。病例职业主要为商业服务、工人/民工、离退人员、家务及待业和农民,输入病例中以商业服务人员构成比最高(23.29%),本地病例中以离退人员构成比最高(24.38%),输入病例与本地病例的职业分布差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=331.903,P<0.001)。本地病例以8—10月为主,输入病例全年各月均有报告,主要发生在6—10月,其中境内输入病例主要出现于7—12月,境外输入病例全年均可发生。除新冠疫情防控期间,2011—2023年浙江省报告登革热病例的县(市、区)逐年增多,有96.67%的县(市、区)报告过登革热病例,其中有51.11%的县报告过登革热本地病例。输入病例与本地病例发病到确诊时间间隔差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.269,P=0.001)。结论浙江省登革热存在明显季节、人群和地区分布规律,应重点关注云南边境和广东地区登革热疫情动态,进一步加强输入病例管控、媒介监测控制以及重点地区的防控工作。2023年浙江省输入病例大幅度增加,疫情覆盖范围逐渐扩大,登革热仍是浙江省传染病防控的工作重点。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of dengue fever in Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2023,and provide a scientific basis for formulating dengue prevention and control strategies in Zhejiang Province.Methods The data of dengue fever cases in Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2023 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.Descriptive and statistical analyses of the gender,age,occupation,seasonal distribution,regional distribution,and the time interval from onset to diagnosis of dengue fever imported cases and indigenous cases were conducted using SPSS26.0 software.Results A total of 3021 cases of dengue fever were reported in Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2023,including 1421 imported cases and 1600 indigenous cases.There were 1692 males and 1329 females,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.27∶1.The proportion of males among imported cases(62.28%)was higher than that of indigenous cases(50.44%)(χ^(2)=42.838,P<0.001).The indigenous cases were mainly concentrated in 40 to<70 years old,while the imported cases were mainly concentrated in 20 to<50 years old,with the age of the indigenous cases being higher than that of the imported cases(Z=-18.435,P<0.001).The occupations of the cases were mainly business service,workers/migrant workers,retirees,domestic workers and unemployed people,and farmers.Among imported cases,the highest proportion was in business service workers(23.29%),while among local cases,the highest proportion was in retirees(24.38%).The occupational distribution difference between imported and indigenous cases was statistically significant(χ^(2)=331.903,P<0.001).The indigenous cases predominantly occurred from August to October,while imported cases were reported throughout the year,mainly occurring from June to October,among which domestic imported cases mainly appeared from July to December,and imported cases from abroad could occur throughout the year.In addition to the period of COVID-19 prevention and control,the number of counties(cities and districts)reporting dengue cases in Zhejiang Province increased year by year from 2011 to 2023,with 96.67%of counties(cities and districts)reporting dengue cases,of which 51.11%counties reported indigenous cases.There was a statistically significant difference in the interval from onset to confirmation between imported cases and indigenous cases(Z=-3.269,P=0.001).Conclusions There are obvious seasonal,population,and regional distribution patterns of dengue fever in Zhejiang Province.Attention should be paid to the dynamics of dengue fever outbreaks in Yunnan border areas and Guangdong,and the control of imported cases,vector surveillance and control,and prevention and control work in key areas should be further strengthened.In 2023,the epidemic situation of dengue fever in Zhejiang Province is grim,with a substantial increase in imported cases and gradual expansion of epidemic coverage,which will remain the focus of infectious disease prevention and control in Zhejiang Province in the future.