反思与弥合:档案犯罪条款司法虚置化的调适路径

《中华人民共和国刑法》第三百二十九条档案犯罪条款是档案安全和档案管护秩序的有力保障,由于消极刑法观掣肘、入罪门槛与保护法益失衡以及司法理解适用偏差等原因,实践中该条款长期处于适用率低、案例少的虚置状态。这种司法虚置现象导致纸质档案和电子档案安全无法得到周延保护,档案犯罪条款威慑力被极大削弱。对此,应遵循档案分级分类保护原则,对档案概念范畴予以类型划分,将档案实体、档案内容、档案保护秩序和档案管理秩序四种类型作为档案犯罪条款保护的具体法益,通过解释论有效激活该条款的司法适用,从而切实保障档案安全行稳致远。

Article 329 of the Criminal Law on Archival Crimes provides a strong guarantee for archival security and the order of archival management.Due to the limitations of negativ e criminal law perspectives,the discrepancy between the threshold for criminalisation and the protection of legal interests,and the divergence in judicial understanding and application,this clause has long been in a virtual state of low application rate and few cases in practice.The phenomenon of judicial inactivity has resulted in the inability to provide comprehensive protection for the security of paper and electronic Archives.Furthermore,the deterrence of archival crime clauses has been significantly undermined.In this context,the principle of graded and classified protection of Archives should be observed,and the conceptual categories of Archives should be classified according to their types.The four types of archival entities,archival content,archival protection order,and archival management order should be regarded as the specific legal interests protected by the archival crime clause.Through the application of interpretive theory,the judicial application of this clause should be effectively activated,thereby ensuring the stability and long-term development of archival safety.