隐喻句在线加工的特征、影响因素及机制

The characteristics, influencing factors and mechanism of online processingof metaphorical sentences

概念隐喻研究的热潮之后,隐喻的言语层面特别是隐喻句层面重获重视。通过梳理该范畴的核心研究与最新文献,可作若干基本判断。(1)在隐喻句在线加工特征方面:字面义和隐喻义的产生以平行加工的方式进行,但所需认知资源存在差异;本、喻体加工是否存在优先顺序尚待更深入的探讨,现有结果与检验目的息息相关;隐喻句表现出无语境不可逆性,但在早期加工阶段具有对称性。(2)在隐喻句在线加工的影响因素方面:语义的影响多可归于适宜度和熟悉度的范畴,且加工时间随该两项指标的升高而缩短,但亦存在词源性和引发性隐喻等其它重要影响维度;工作记忆等认知资源影响隐喻句在线加工。(3)在隐喻句在线加工的机制方面:以类比机制为核心和以归属机制为核心的两大理论及其调和理论可解释当前的主要发现,但局限于从隐喻句内部成分的互动探索其机制,且尚未在汉语的多种隐喻句形式上得到验证。(4)基于汉语“属”字隐喻句的特征与表达属相语义的语句高度相似性,以及构式迁移获得了实证证据的支持,可以认为构式迁移机制可能至少是部分隐喻句的加工机制。

Following the upsurge in the study of conceptual metaphor,the linguistic level of metaphor,particularly the level of metaphorical sentences,has regained significant attention.By reviewing the core research and the latest literature in this field,several fundamental judgments can be made.(1)Regarding the online processing characteristics of metaphorical sentences:The generation of literal and metaphorical meanings proceeds in a parallel manner,yet the cognitive resources required differ;Whether there is a priority order in the processing of the tenor and the vehicle remains to be explored more deeply,and the existing results are closely related to the testing purposes;Metaphorical sentences exhibit non-contextual irreversibility,but they show symmetry in the early processing stage.(2)In terms of the influencing fac-tors of the online processing of metaphorical sentences:The impact of semantics can mostly be attributed to the domains of aptness and familiarity,and the processing time shortens as these two indicators in-crease,but there are also other significant influencing dimensions such as etymology and evocative metaphor;Cognitive resources like working memory affect the online processing of metaphorical sentences.(3)Concerning the mechanisms of the online processing of metaphorical sentences:The two major theories centered on the analogy mechanism and the attribution mechanism,as well as their reconciliation theory,can explain the current main findings.However,they are limited to exploring the mechanisms from the in-teraction of the internal components of metaphorical sentences and have not been verified in various forms of metaphorical sentences in Chinese.(4)Based on the high similarity between the characteristics of the“shu属”metaphorical sentences in Chinese and the sentences expressing the semantics of zodiac signs,and the empirical evidence supporting the construct transfer,it can be hypothesized that the construct transfer mechanism might at least be the processing mechanism of some metaphorical sentences.