护士长领导力实践行为现状及其影响因素分析

Status quo of head nurses'leadership practices and its influencing factors

目的:调查护士长领导力实践行为的现状并分析其影响因素,为提升护士长领导力水平提供科学依据。方法:2024年5月,采用便利抽样法选取北京市、山西省和宁夏回族自治区共4家三级医院的2486名护士进行横断面调查,调查其所在病房的护士长领导力实践行为、护士长授权赋能行为和护士团队合作情况,采用多元线性逐步回归分析护士长领导力实践行为的影响因素。结果:护士长领导力实践行为条目均分为(9.17±1.39)分,各维度得分从高到低依次为以身作则、使众人行、激励人心、挑战现状、共启愿景。多元线性回归分析结果显示,医院类型、护士长授权赋能及护士团队合作是护士长领导力实践行为的影响因素,共同解释总变异的77.4%(P<0.001)。结论:护士长的领导力实践行为整体处于较高水平,但在共启愿景、挑战现状维度有待提升。护士长可通过授权和加强团队合作以提升其领导力水平。

Objective:To investigate the status quo of head nurses'leadership practices and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide scientific basis for improving the leadership of head nurses.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2486 nurses selected from 4 teritary hospitals in Beijing,Shanxi and Ningxia using convenience sampling during May 2024 to investigate the leadership practice and empowering behavioral of head nurses and teamwork among nurses in their departments.Multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the influencing factors of head nurses'leadership practice.Results:The average score obtained utilizing the Leadership Practice Inventory was 9.17±1.39,and the score of each dimension from high to low were Model the Way,Enable Others to Act,Encourage the Heart,Challenge the Process and Inspire a Shared Vision.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that different types of hospitals,empowerment behaviors and teamwork were the main influencing factors of head nurses'leadership practices,which accounted for 77.4%of the total variation(P<0.001).Conclusion:The leadership practices of head nurses is at a relative high level,however,they need to work harder in terms of Challenging the Process and Inspiring a Shared Vision.Head nurses can improve their leadership by increasing empowerment behaviors and prompting teamwork.