再论设计思维--设计哲学研究之二

Further Discussion on Design Thinking--Philosophy of Design Research Ⅱ

在工程实践、工程科学和工程教育中,设计思维都是一个核心性、关键性问题和要素。工程活动来源于工程问题。工程问题与科学问题是两类不同的问题,二者有不同的认识论、心理学和社会本性。工程问题主要来自人们关于满足或改善现实生活中的现实生产和生活需求的责任心。科学问题的本质是真理性问题,工程问题的本质是价值论问题。工程问题和科学问题在“提出者”“所提出问题的本性”“问题答案的性质和特征”方面都有根本性的不同。工程活动在进行需求认定、工程可行性研究和决策之后,进入设计阶段,于是设计师在工程活动中正式出场。工程投资者与决策者和设计师的相互关系是反映和体现“交互主体性”的委托代理关系。设计思维和科学思维在本性、核心内容和方法论方面都有根本性的不同,设计思维的核心内容是为工程活动制定出“从初始状态到目标状态的有效又合理的体现‘软件硬件斡件统一’的操作程序”。设计工作影响工程活动的全局,对工程活动的成败具有关键作用和意义。

Li Bocong Abstract:In engineering practice,engineering science,and engineering education,design thinking is a core and critical issue and element.Engineering activities stem from engineering problems.Engineering problems and scientific problems are two different types of problems,with different epistemological,psychological,and social natures.Engineering problems mainly stem from people's sense of responsibility to meet or improve the real production and living needs in real life.The essence of scientific problems is a matter of truth,while the essence of engineering problems is a matter of value theory.Engineering problems and scientific problems have fundamental differences in terms of“proposer”“nature of the proposed problem”and“nature and characteristics of the problem answer”.After conducting requirement identification,feasibility study,and decision-making,engineering activities enter the design phase,and designers officially appear in the engineering activities.The relationship between engineering investors,decision-makers,and designers is a principal-agent relationship that reflects and expresses intersubjectivity.There are fundamental differences between design thinking and scientific thinking in terms of nature,core content,and methodology.The core content of design thinking is to develop an effective and reasonable operational program that reflects the combination of software,hardware and orgware and serves to achieve the goals of engineering activities from the initial state to the target state for engineering activities.The design phase affects the overall situation of engineering activities and plays a crucial role and significance in the success or failure of engineering activities.