农资经销商用量信息供给与农户化肥减量——基于苏赣辽三省微观数据的实证分析

Fertilizer consumption information provided by agricultural materials distributors and farmer’s chemical fertilizer reduction:Evidence from Jiangsu,Jiangxi and Liaoning provinces

化肥减量对于实现绿色农业高质量发展具有重要意义。基于江苏、江西和辽宁三省787户种粮农户调研数据,运用处理效应模型分析农资经销商化肥用量信息供给对种粮农户化肥投入的影响效应,以及在不同类型农业经营主体、不同施肥方式间的异质性影响。研究发现:1)农资经销商利用信息不对称向农户提供偏高的化肥用量信息,导致农户的化肥投入成本增加1893元/hm^(2),从而抑制化肥减量。2)异质性分析表明,农资经销商化肥用量信息供给对新型农业经营主体和采用机械化施肥方式农户的化肥投入造成的增加效应会降低。3)政府公共机构的宣传干预可以弱化农资经销商化肥用量信息供给带来的化肥增加效应。研究建议:加强对农资经销商的监督约束与培训机制、推动相关行业性规范出台;培养素质高、专业强的新型农业经营主体,同时为小农户提供高质量的社会化服务,双管齐下推动化肥减量;突出公共机构在农业技术服务中的地位,传递科学、客观的化肥使用指导。

The reduction of chemical fertilizers is of great significance for achieving high-quality development of green agriculture.Based on the survey data of 787 grain farmers from Jiangsu,Jiangxi,and Liaoning provinces,the treatment effect model was used to analyze the impact of the supply of chemical fertilizer usage information from agricultural material distributors on the farmer's chemical fertilizer input,as well as the heterogeneous effects among different types of agricultural operators and different fertilization methods.The study found:1) Agricultural material distributors exploit information asymmetry to provide farmers with excessively high information on chemical fertilizer usage,leading to an increase in the chemical fertilizer input cost of farmers by 1.893 thousand yuan per hectare,thereby inhibits the reduction of chemical fertilizers.2) Heterogeneous analysis shows that the increase effect of the chemical fertilizer usage information provided by agricultural materials distributors on chemical fertilizer input will be reduced in new types of agricultural operators and those farmers using mechanized fertilization methods.3) Government public institutions' promotional interventions can weaken the effect of chemical fertilizer usage increase that brought by the fertilizer usage information coming from the agricultural materials distributors.The study suggests that the mechanisms of supervision and training should be strengthened for agricultural material distributors,and the relevant industry standards should be introduced or promoted.New operators with high quality and strong professionalism should be cultivated,and high-quality socialized services be provided for small farmers,to promote the reduction of chemical fertilizers in both ways.The position of public institutions should be highlighted in agricultural technical services,to guide farmers to scientifically and objectively use the chemical fertilizers.