县域产业结构优化能缩小城乡收入差距吗?——基于内蒙古县域数据的实证检验

Does optimization of county-level industrial structure narrow the urban-rural income gap? An empirical study in Inner Mongolia

协同推进县域产业发展与缩小城乡收入差距对于实现国家经济高质量发展和共同富裕具有重要意义。文中基于内蒙古自治区69个旗县2018—2022年的数据,运用普通最小二乘法回归模型和门槛效应模型研究县域产业结构优化对城乡收入差距的影响。结果表明:1)县域产业结构优化程度扩大了城乡收入差距,经济发展和基础设施建设有利于缩小城乡收入差距。2)县域产业结构优化程度对城乡收入差距的影响存在门槛效应,当经济发展水平、产业集聚水平高于门槛值时,县域产业结构优化程度对城乡收入差距的消极影响进一步扩大。3)县域产业结构的优化提高了城镇居民收入,但未显著影响农村居民收入,这是导致其扩大城乡收入差距的主因;当前第三产业的布局对城乡收入差距产生消极影响;相对于半农半牧旗县,产业结构优化程度对牧业旗县城乡收入差距的消极影响更大。应确立农业产业在产业结构优化过程中的基础地位,充分发挥第一产业优势,构建第二产业、第三产业与三农发展的强链接,因地制宜的制定产业发展格局,通过农业产业高质量发展实现农村居民增收。

Collaborative promotion of county-level industrial development and narrowing of urban-rural income gap are of great significance for achieving high-quality national economic development and common prosperity.Based on the Inner Mongolia Statistical Yearbook data from 69 banners(counties) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2018 to 2022,this study uses ordinary least squares regression model and threshold effect model to reveal the impact of county-level industrial development model on urban-rural income gap.The results indicate that:1) The optimization of county industrial structure has widened the urban-rural income gap,and economic development and infrastructure construction are conducive to narrowing the urban-rural income gap.2) The degree of optimization of county-level industrial structure has a threshold effect on the urban-rural income gap.When the level of economic development and industrial agglomeration exceeds the threshold value,the negative impact of the degree of optimization of county-level industrial structure on the urban-rural income gap further expands.3) The optimization of county-level industrial structure has increased the income of urban residents,but it has not significantly affected the income of rural residents,which is the main reason for the widening of the urban-rural income gap.The current layout of the tertiary industry has a negative impact on the urban-rural income gap.Compared to the banners(counties) with mixed agricultural and pastoral practices,the degree of industrial structure optimization has a greater negative impact on the urban-rural income gap in banners(counties) mainly engaged in grazing.We should emphasize the foundational role of agriculture in optimizing the industrial structure,fully capitalize on the strengths of the primary sector,forge strong connections between the secondary and tertiary sectors and the development of agriculture,rural areas,and farmers,customize industrial development strategies based on local conditions,and enhance rural incomes through high-quality agricultural development.