农户土地绿色利用的差异化动机研究——基于Q方法的探索性分析

Differentiated motivations for land green use by farmers:An exploratory analysis based on Q method

厘清农户土地绿色利用动机是加快土地资源健康可持续开发利用的微观心理前提。从农户认知视角出发,在系统梳理相关文献的基础上,以轮作方式选择为测试场景,基于5省随机抽取的农户样本,运用Q方法,实证探索了农户土地绿色利用的差异化动机。研究发现,现阶段农户存在三种界限分明的土地绿色利用动机:1)以功利逻辑为主导、以利益算计和理性选择为内核的逐利性动机,反映了农户的“经济人”属性。2)以角色逻辑为主导、以角色激励和规范遵循为内核的规范性动机,体现了农户的“社会人”属性。3)以安全逻辑为主导、以风险规避和生计维系为内核的避害性动机,展现了农户的“风险人”属性。农户所显现的这些差异化土地绿色利用动机本质折射的是其多样化和层次性的生存和发展需求。因此,应在精准捕捉农户不同动机和需求前提下,构建差别化土地绿色利用行为调节机制,注重政策工具的统筹搭配和组合应用。

Clarifying farmers' motivation for land green use is a micro-psychological prerequisite for accelerating the healthy and sustainable development and utilization of land resources.Starting from the perspective of farmers' cognition,we empirically explore the differentiated motives of farmers' land green use based on randomly selected samples of farmers in five provinces using the Q methodology based on a systematic review of the relevant literature,with the choice of crop rotation as the test scenario.The study found that at this stage,there are three kinds of clear-cut motives for land green use:1) Profit-seeking motives dominated by the logic of utilitarianism,with profit calculation and rational choice as the kernel,reflecting the attributes of farmers as "economic beings".2) The normative motivation dominated by role logic,with role incentives and norm compliance as the core,reflecting the "social person" attribute of farmers.3)The harm avoidance motivation dominated by security logic,with risk avoidance and livelihood maintenance as the core,showing the "risk person" attribute of farmers.These differentiated motives for land green use by farmers reflect their diversified and hierarchical needs for survival and development.Therefore,on the premise of accurately capturing the different motivations and needs of farmers,it is necessary to build a differentiated mechanism for regulating the green land use behavior,focusing on the integrated matching and combined application of policy tools.