家庭参与多支柱养老保障能否缓解消费不平等——基于中国家庭追踪调查数据的实证分析

Can Family Involvement in Multi-Pillar Pension Security Alleviate Consumption Inequality-An Empirical Analysis Based on China Family Panel Survey Data

消费相对平等是实现全体人民共同富裕的重要表现,而构建多支柱养老保障体系是支撑共同富裕的关键性制度安排。基于中国家庭追踪调查数据,研究我国家庭参与多支柱养老保障对消费不平等的缓解作用及影响机制。结果发现:参与养老保障的支柱越多,越能缓解消费不平等,而且对发展型消费不平等的缓解程度最高,对享受型消费不平等的缓解程度最低;家庭参保基本养老保险、企业年金和商业养老保险均能发挥缓解作用;家庭参与多支柱养老保障通过降低收入不平等和减少预防性储蓄来缓解消费不平等。

Relative consumption equality was an important manifestation of achieving common prosperity for all people,and the construction of a multi-pllar pension security system was a critical institutional arrangement to support this goal.Based on the data from the China Family Panel Studies,this paper analyzed the role and action mechanism of family participation in multi-pillar pension security system in alleviating consumption inequality in China.The results showed that,the more pllars of pension security a family participated in,the more effective it was in alleviating consumption inequality.The greatest effect was observed in alleviating developmental consumption inequality,while the least effect was seen in alleviating enjoyment consumption inequality.Participating in basic old-age insurance,enterprise annuities,and commercial old-age insurance could play a mitigating role.Family participation in a multi-pillar pension security system alleviated consumption inequality by reducing income inequality and precautionary savings.