地理学支撑SDGs研究进展与展望——兼议“可持续地理学”理论框架

Progress and prospects of Geography in promoting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: A discussion on the theoretical framework of Sustainable Geography

可持续发展是全人类关注的重大科学问题,地理学作为聚焦于人地系统研究的综合性学科,为实现联合国可持续发展目标(SDGs)提供了重要科学支撑,但当前尚缺少对两者关系的系统性梳理与评述。本文总结了地理学支撑SDGs研究的理论框架和研究进展,探讨了其未来重点研究领域,发现:①地理学在开展人地系统综合研究、服务区域与全球可持续发展过程中,创新性地提出和发展了社会—生态系统、格局—过程—服务—可持续性、全程耦合、分类—统筹—协作等理论框架,这些研究框架包括人地系统的要素级联、动态演化、空间耦合和面向SDGs的系统调控等,构成了地理学支撑可持续发展研究的综合理论框架,亦可称为“可持续地理学理论框架”。②地理学支撑SDGs研究在多源数据获取、指标体系本土化与多尺度进展评估、目标间关联机制分析、SDGs实现路径等方面取得了积极进展,地理学为SDGs研究提供了重要理论和方法支撑;③地理学与可持续发展相关研究主要聚焦于气候—生态危机应对、粮食—能源—水资源及其可持续利用、区域发展及规划、人类福祉与社会治理、SDGs评估指标与数据库建设等重点方向。④在未来研究中,需要创新发展可持续地理学分支学科,优化SDGs评估指标体系,发展SDGs评估和决策模型,加强人工智能地理学,深化人地系统耦合研究,在推动地理学科创新发展的过程中促进区域与全球可持续发展。

Sustainable development is a significant scientific issue of global concern.Geography,as a comprehensive discipline focusing on the coupled relationship between human activities and the natural environment,provides systematic research and solutions for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).However,there is currently a lack of comprehensive reviews.This paper summarizes the theoretical framework and research progress of Geography supporting the SDGs and explores its future key research areas.This article indicates that:(1)Geography,in conducting integrated research on human-nature systems and serving regional and global sustainable development processes,has innovatively proposed and developed theoretical frameworks such as social-ecological systems,patternprocess-service-sustainability,metacoupling,and Classification-Coordination-Collaboration.These research frameworks include elements of human-environment system interconnections,process coupling,spatial coupling,and systematic regulation oriented towards SDGs,forming a comprehensive theoretical framework supporting sustainable development research in Geography,also referred to as"sustainable geography theoretical framework".(2)Geography has made positive progress in supporting the United Nations SDGs research in areas such as multi-source data acquisition,localization of indicator systems and multi-scale progress assessment,analysis of inter-target linkage mechanisms,and SDG achievement pathways.Geography provides important theoretical and methodological support for SDG research.(3)Geography and sustainable development-related research mainly focus on climateecological crisis response,sustainable utilization of food-energy-water resources,regional development and planning,human well-being and social governance,and the construction of SDG assessment indicators and databases.(4)In future research,there is a need to innovate and develop sub-disciplines of Sustainable Geography,optimize the construction of SDGs indicator systems,develop SDGs assessment and decision-making models,strengthen artificial intelligence geography,deepen research on human-nature system coupling,and promote regional and global sustainable development in the process of advancing innovation in the discipline of Geography.