无花果发酵提取物对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节

Immunoregulation of Ficus carica Linn.Fermentation Extract on Immunosuppressed Mice

目的:探究无花果发酵提取物对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠免疫调节和肠道微生物菌群的影响。方法:腹腔注射环磷酰胺构建免疫抑制小鼠模型,将小鼠随机分成空白对照组(NC组)、模型对照组(MC组)、无花果发酵提取物组(FF组)和无花果非发酵提取物组(NF组),灌胃期间每2 d记录1次小鼠体质量,连续灌胃9 d后,检测免疫器官指数、血清中细胞因子、血常规,进行组织病理学观察以及肠道微生物菌群分析。结果:与MC组相比,FF组和NF组的小鼠体质量以及胸腺、脾脏和肝脏等免疫器官指数显著增加(P<0.05),白细胞、单核细胞和粒细胞总数显著提高(P<0.05),IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α和IFN-γ等细胞因子显著增加(P<0.05)。组织病理学观察结果显示,FF组和NF组中环磷酰胺对小鼠空肠、胸腺、脾脏和肝脏造成的损伤明显减轻,且FF组比NF组的效果更明显。肠道微生物菌群分析表明,Blautia、毛螺菌属、帕拉普氏菌属、梭菌属、乳杆菌属和拟杆菌属的水平与免疫性状密切相关,与MC组相比,FF组中乳杆菌属、螺杆菌属和Unclassified_S24-7丰度的增加比NF组中更明显。结论:黑曲霉发酵的无花果提取物相较于未发酵的无花果提取物,更能提高环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能,改善肠道微生物菌群。

Objective:To investigate the effects of Ficus carica Linn.fermentation extract on immunomodulation and intestinal microflora in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice.Methods:Immunosuppressed mice models were constructed by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide,and the mice were randomly divided into blank control group(NC group),model control group(MC group),Ficus carica Linn.fermented extract group(FF group)and Ficus carica Linn.non-fermented extract group(NF group).The body weight of mice was recorded every 2 days during the gavage period.After 9 days of continuous gavage,the immune organ index,serum cytokines and blood routine were detected,the histopathological observation and intestinal microbial flora analysis were performed.Results:Compared with MC group,the body weight and immune organ indexes of thymus,spleen and liver in FF group and NF group were significantly increased(P<0.05),the total number of leukocytes,monocytes and granulocytes were significantly increased(P<0.05),and cytokines such as IL-4,IL-6,TNF-αand IFN-γwere significantly increased(P<0.05).The results of histopathological observation showed that the damage caused by cyclophosphamide to mice jejunum,thymus,spleen and liver in FF group and NF group was significantly reduced,and the effect was more pronounced in FF group than NF group.The analysis of intestinal microflora showed that the levels of Blautia,Lachnospiraceae,Paraprevotella,Clostridiales,Lactobacillus,and Bacteroides were closely related to immune traits,and compared with MC group,the abundance of Lactobacillus,Helicobacter,and Unclassified_S24-7 in FF group increased more significantly than that in NF group.Conclusion:Compared with the non-fermented Ficus carica Linn.extract,the Ficus carica Linn.extract fermented by Aspergillus niger can improve the immune function of immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide and improve the intestinal microflora.