社会治理视域下学校食品安全监管策略研究

Research on Food Safety Supervision Strategies in Schools from the Perspective of Social Governance

学校食品安全问题关乎广大师生切身利益,是社会大众关注的焦点。遵循“结构-运行-保障”的制度逻辑,构建“监管主体-监管方式-监管评价”分析框架,剖析当前学校食品安全监管存在的问题及原因,包括监管主体政策执行疏漏,应对突发事件能力不足;监管体系有待完善,学校食品外包模式有待改进;监管评价的绩效评估体系不完善,监管人的食品安全意识不足等。总结域外相关监管经验,包括完善的法规体系、多层次监管模式、严格的行业准入、严厉的惩罚处罚以及注重校园食品安全教育和家长积极参与的制度等。在此基础上,提出严格落实学校“一把手”责任制,持续完善学校食品安全制度机制,不断健全学校食品安全监督体系,重点加强学校食堂食品外包管理,建设食品安全智慧综合系统平台,健全食品安全突发事件应对机制,加强学校餐饮行业人员安全培训等建议,为改善学校食品安全状况治理提供有效策略。

The issue of food safety in schools is of vital interest to a large number of teachers and students and is a focal point of public concern,which can easily trigger significant negative public opinion on the internet.Adhering to the institutional logic of‘structure-operation-assurance’,constructing an analytical framework of‘regulatory body-regulatory methods-regulatory evaluation’to analyze the current food safety supervision in schools.There are issues such as oversight in the implementation of policies by the regulatory bodies,insufficient capacity to respond to emergencies,an inadequate regulatory system,the need for improvement in the school food outsourcing model,an imperfect performance evaluation system,and a lack of food safety awareness.Based on the analysis of these issues and their causes,and in conjunction with relevant experiences from abroad,including a comprehensive legal system,multi-level regulatory models,strict industry access,severe punishment and penalties,and a focus on campus food safety education and parental participation,the following suggestions are put forward:strictly implement the school‘first-in-command’responsibility system,continuously improve the institutional mechanisms for school food safety,continuously improve the school food safety supervision system,focus on strengthening the management of school canteen food outsourcing,build a smart integrated food safety system platform,improve the food safety emergency response mechanism,and strengthen the safety training of school catering industry personnel.These suggestions provide effective strategies for improving the governance of school food safety conditions.