推进绿色低碳消费扩容升级的重点领域和长效机制

Key Areas and Long-term Mechanisms for Promoting the Expansion and Upgrading of Green and Low-carbon Consumption

绿色低碳消费扩容升级,体现为量的增加(扩容)和质的提高(升级)。采集并统计分析主要网络平台的绿色低碳消费行为大数据,发现绿色低碳消费扩容升级的潜在问题主要包括:规模总体偏低、领域分布不平衡、群体地区分布不平衡、供给覆盖面不广、“绿色程度”“减碳成色”不足、产品标准认证标识存在短板、产品价格与支付意愿不匹配、产品供给和消费需求存在错位等。推进绿色低碳消费扩容升级应针对影响面广、带动力强、减碳潜力大的食品、衣着、居住、用品、出行等重点领域,构建与数智时代相匹配的长效机制框架,推进正式机制和非正式机制,形成政策工具矩阵。应聚焦新型“绿色+智能”产品,完善绿色低碳消费补贴机制;建立统一的“碳普惠”和“碳账户”激励机制,释放绿色低碳消费潜能;构建覆盖全领域的绿色低碳产品标准认证标识体系;完善对非绿、高碳产品的约束性限制和准入监管制度;探索打造全国统一的绿色低碳产品信息平台,推行“碳标签”二维码;创新绿色低碳传播途径和机制,营造绿色低碳消费的社会氛围。

The expansion and upgrading of green and low-carbon consumption can be understood in two dimensions:an increase in the quantity of green and low-carbon consumption(expansion)and an improvement in the quality of such consumption(upgrading).Based on big data analysis of consumer behaviour on major online platforms,several potential issues with the growth and enhancement of green and low-carbon consumption have been identified.These include a generally low overall scale,uneven distribution across sectors,imbalanced geographic and demographic participation,insufficient supply coverage,inadequate“greenness”and carbon reduction,gaps in product certification standards and labelling,price mismatches with consumers’willingness to pay,and a misalignment between product supply and consumer demand.To effectively promote the expansion and upgrading of green and low-carbon consumption,efforts should concentrate on key sectors that have broad societal impact,high driving force,and substantial carbon reduction potential,including food,clothing,housing,goods,and transportation.A long-term mechanism,suited to the digital and intelligent age,must be established.This framework should integrate both formal mechanisms(incentives and regulations)and informal mechanisms(guidance and education).Additionally,digital technologies and tools should be leveraged to design targeted,specific,and tailored policy tools for different entities and consumption scenarios,forming a comprehensive policy matrix at the macro,meso,and micro levels.By combining various policy instruments,a synergistic policy effect can be achieved.