植物生长延缓剂对新疆高产冬小麦群体特征及抗倒性的影响

Effects of plant growth retardants on population characteristics and lodging resistance of high yield winter wheat in Xinjiang

以高产冬小麦品种‘新冬52号’为材料,分别采用4500、5250、6750、9000 mL·hm^(-2)浓度矮壮素及225、375、525 g·hm^(-2)浓度麦搏进行叶面喷施,以喷施等量清水为对照,探究植物生长延缓剂种类及用量对小麦群体茎蘖数、株高、叶面积指数、粒叶比、干物质积累量、茎秆抗倒相关性状及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:喷施5250 mL·hm^(-2)矮壮素、225 g·hm^(-2)与525 g·hm^(-2)麦搏的小麦有效穗数均值为645.12万株·hm^(-2)、穗粒数均值为45.76粒、千粒重均值为56.37 g,较对照分别提高3.34%、4.03%和13.48%;其茎蘖成穗率介于49.57%~52.16%,群体干物质积累量均值为36555.08 kg·hm^(-2),单株干物质积累快速增长期平均持续天数为39.6 d,生育期最大叶面积指数介于8.8~9.6;粒数叶比及粒重叶比均值分别为0.41粒·cm^(-2)和23.27 mg·cm^(-2),较对照分别提高1.28%和16.13%;三个处理下小麦籽粒产量最高,分别较对照显著提高18.38%、22.24%和24.03%。此外,9000 mL·hm^(-2)矮壮素和525 g·hm^(-2)麦搏喷施处理均能降低小麦株高并促使整株重心下移,小麦花后20 d时茎秆倒伏指数及基部节间占比均值分别较对照降低36.74%和22.01%,同时增强茎粗和茎秆充实度,改善了茎秆形态,提高了植株抗倒伏能力及群体通风透光能力。

The high yield winter wheat variety‘Xindong 52’was used in this research,wheat seedlings were sprayed with two types of growth retardants of four Cycocel concentrations of 4500,5250,6750 mL·hm^(-2),and 9000 mL·hm^(-2),as well as three Maibo concentrations of 225,375 g·hm^(-2),and 525 g·hm^(-2),respectively,and the same amount of water was sprayed at the same time as the control.The effects of plant growth retardants on the number of stems and tillers,leaf area index,grain to leaf ratio,dry matter accumulation,lodging resistance and yield of wheat population was investigated and analyzed.The results showed that under the 5250 mL·hm^(-2),225 g·hm^(-2)and 525 g·hm^(-2)treatments,the average spike number of wheat was 6.45×106 per hectare,the average number of grains number per spike was 45.76,and the average 1000-grain mass was 56.37 g,3.34%,4.03%,and 13.48%higher than the control,respectively.The tillering rate ranged from 49.57%to 52.16%.The average dry matter accumulation in population was 36555.08 kg·hm^(-2).The rapid growth period of average dry matter accumulation per plant was 39.6 days,and the maximum leaf area index was 8.8 to 9.6.The average grain number-leaf area was 0.41 grains·cm^(-2)and grain mass-leaf area ratio was 23.27 mg·cm^(-2),which increased by 1.28%and 16.13%compared with the control,respectively.The highest grain yields were observed in the above three treatments,which were 18.38%,22.24%and 24.03%higher than the control,respectively.The treatment of 9000 mL·hm^(-2)Cycocel and 525 g·hm^(-2)Maibo significantly reduced the height of‘Xindong 52’and decreased the gravity center of wheat plant.Under these two treatments,the average stem lodging index and the proportion of basal internode ratio of wheat at 20 days after flowering were reduced by 36.74% and 22.01% respectively compared with the control,increased stem diameter and improved stem morphology,and enhanced plant lodging resistance and population ventilation and light transmission capacity.