谷子高代品系农艺和品质性状遗传多样性分析及综合筛选

Analysis and comprehensive screening of genetic diversity of agronomic and quality traits of high generation millet lines

于2022-2023年测定了75份谷子高代品系的农艺性状和营养品质性状,并利用遗传多样性分析、模糊函数法、聚类分析以及主成分分析进行遗传变异分析。结果表明:谷子农艺性状变异系数大小表现为穗粗>产量>茎粗>穗长>穗下节间长>单穗重>叶片数>叶长>叶宽>株高>生育期,变异系数范围为5.82%~16.07%,基本营养品质性状变异系数表现为脂肪含量>蛋白含量>纤维含量>灰分含量>含水量>碳水化合物含量,变异系数范围为1.27%~19.13%;遗传多样性指数最大的是穗粒重(2.09)、最小的是株高(0.62)和碳水化合物含量(0.47);年度间变异最大的是穗粗(30.01%)、变异最小的是碳水化合物含量(1.27%)。在平方欧式距离为15时将参试品种划分为五大类群,第Ⅰ类群包括27个品系,这一类群生育期较短,可作早熟品种选育材料;第Ⅱ类包括4个品系,这一类群株高、叶长较高,可作干草饲料选育材料;第Ⅲ类包括16个品系,这一类群穗长、单穗重和产量较高,可作高产选育材料;第Ⅳ类群包括13个品系,这一类群株高较矮,茎粗和穗下节间长较长,可作抗倒选育材料;第Ⅴ类群包括15个品系,这一类群含水量和脂肪含量较低,碳水化合物和蛋白质含量高,可作高品质营养选育材料。6个主成分的贡献率分别为19.524%、16.943%、13.893%、9.057%、8.626%、6.074%,累计贡献率达74.117%。根据主成分因子得分和隶属函数计算进行综合评价,筛选出5份综合性状好的品系,分别为19(Y35)-18-4、19(Y35)-18-6、19(T2)-42-2、19(J-5)-45-2、19(Y34)-17-35。本研究分析了谷子高代品系的农艺和基本营养品质性状的遗传变异规律,筛选出综合性状优异的育种材料,可为豫西谷子新品种选育提供科学依据。

From 2022 to 2023,the agronomic traits and nutritional quality traits of 75 high-generation foxtail millet lines were determined,and genetic variation analysis was examined by genetic diversity analysis,fuzzy function method,cluster analysis and principal component analysis.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of agronomic traits of millet was ear coarseness>yield>stem diameter>spike length>internodes under the panicle>weight per spike>leaf>leaf length>leaf width>plant height>growth period,with the coefficient of variation ranged from 5.82%~16.07%,and the coefficient of variation of basic nutritional quality traits was fat content>protein content>fiber content>ash content>water content>carbohydrate content,with the coefficient of variation ranged from 1.27%~19.13%.The genetic diversity index was the largest in grain weight(2.09),the smallest in plant height(0.62)and carbohydrate(0.47).The largest annual variation was in panicle diameter(30.01%),and the smallest variation was in carbohydrates(1.27%).When the square euclidean distance was 15,the tested varieties are divided into five groups.Category I included 27 strains,which had a short growth period and could be used as breeding materials for early-maturing varieties.Category II included 4 strains,which had high plant height and leaf length,and could be used as hay fodder breeding materials.Category III included 16 strains,which had high spike length,single spike weight and yield,and could be used as high-yield breeding materials.Category IV included 13 strains,which were short in plant height,thick stems and long internodes under panicles,which could be used as lodging resistance breeding materials.Category V included 15 strains,which had low water and fat content,high carbohydrate,and protein content,and could be used as high-quality nutritional breeding materials.The contribution rates of the six principal components were 19.524%,16.943%,13.893%,9.057%,8.626%and 6.074%,respectively,and the cumulative contribution rate was 74.117%.According to the score of principal component factor and membership function,five lines with good comprehensive traits were screened out,which were 19(Y35)-18-4,19(Y35)-18-6,19(T2)-42-2,19(J-5)-45-2,and 19(Y34)-17-35.In this study,the genetic variation of agronomic and basic nutritional quality traits of high-generation millet lines was analyzed,and the breeding materials with excellent comprehensive traits were screened,providing a scientific basis for the breeding of new millet varieties in western Henan.