嘉兴市不同免疫规划阶段的麻疹流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of measles in different immunization program periods in Jiaxing City

目的 了解浙江省嘉兴市不同免疫规划阶段的麻疹流行特征,为完善麻疹防控策略提供依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2005-2023年嘉兴市麻疹发病资料,分析扩大免疫规划前(2005-2007年)、扩大免疫规划(2008-2010年)和加强免疫规划(2011-2023年)阶段的麻疹发病人群、时间和地区分布特征。结果 2005-2023年嘉兴市报告麻疹病例3 997例,年均报告发病率为4.66/10万,呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。扩大免疫规划前、扩大免疫规划和加强免疫规划阶段麻疹年均报告发病率分别为22.88/10万、7.24/10万和0.83/10万,发病高峰期均为3-5月。平湖市年均报告发病率最高,为5.94/10万;桐乡市最低,为3.92/10万。扩大免疫规划前、扩大免疫规划和加强免疫规划阶段麻疹年均报告发病率最高的地区分别为南湖区(31.10/10万)、平湖市(11.10/10万)和嘉善县(1.55/10万)。嘉兴市扩大免疫规划前麻疹发病具有空间聚集性(Moran's I=0.787,P<0.05),南湖区呈高-高聚集。结论 2005-2023年嘉兴市麻疹报告发病率总体呈下降趋势,扩大免疫规划前发病呈空间聚集性,实施扩大免疫规划和加强免疫规划后未发现明显聚集区。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Jiaxing City of Zhejiang Province in different immunization program periods,so as to provide the evidence for improving prevention and control strategies of measles.Methods Data of measles cases in Jiaxing City from 2005 to 2023 was collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Population,temporal,and regional distribution of measles during the periods of pre-expanded immunization program(from 2005 to 2007),expanded immunization program(from 2008 to 2010),and enhanced immunization program(from 2011 to 2023)were descriptively analyzed.Results There were 3997 measles cases reported in Jiaxing City from 2005 to 2023,with an average annual reported incidence of 4.66/105,showing a decreasing trend(P<0.05).The average annual reported incidence of measles during the periods of pre-ex⁃panded immunization program,expanded immunization program,and enhanced immunization program were 22.88/105,7.24/105 and 0.83/105,respectively.The incidence of measles during different stages of immunization strategies all peaked from March to May.The highest reported incidence was 5.94/105 in Pinghu City and the lowest was 3.92/105 in Tongxiang City.The districts with the highest average annual reported incidence in the periods of pre-expanded im⁃munization program,expanded immunization program,and enhanced immunization program were Nanhu District(31.10/105),Pinghu City(11.10/105)and Jiashan County(1.55/105),respectively.There was spatial clustering of measles in Jiaxing City during the period of pre-expanded immunization program(Moran's I=0.787,P<0.05),with a high-high cluster in Nanhu District.Conclusions The reported incidence of measles in Jiaxing City showed a decreasing trend from 2005 to 2023.There was a spatial cluster of measles incidence during the period of pre-expanded immunization program,but no significant clusters during the periods of expanded immunization program and enhanced immunization program.