慢性阻塞性肺疾病高危人群相关知识认知及影响因素分析

Awareness of relevant knowledge and influencing factors among high-risk populations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

目的 了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)高危人群相关知识认知情况及影响因素,为提高COPD认知水平、预防疾病提供依据。方法 选择2020-2022年江苏省张家港市南丰镇、金港镇、大新镇和凤凰镇社区卫生服务中心招募的COPD高危人群为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集基本信息、生活方式、健康状况和COPD相关知识认知情况,采用广泛性焦虑障碍量表评估焦虑症状;采用结构方程模型分析COPD高危人群相关知识认知的影响因素。结果 调查COPD高危人群2 078人,年龄为(60.85±6.59)岁。女性1 111人,占53.53%;男性967人,占46.47%。COPD高危人群相关知识认知得分为(6.33±2.59)分,知晓率为72.18%。结构方程模型分析结果显示,年龄、家庭年收入、文化程度、吸烟、呼吸系统疾病、职业暴露和焦虑症状直接影响COPD高危人群相关知识认知,直接效应值分别为-0.057(95%CI:-0.099~-0.014)、0.048 (95%CI:0.005~0.090)、0.162 (95%CI:0.117~0.204)、0.060 (95%CI:0.018~0.096)、0.055 (95%CI:0.021~0.088)、0.139 (95%CI:0.107~0.170)和-0.172 (95%CI:-0.209~-0.135);年龄、性别和职业暴露间接影响COPD高危人群相关知识认知,间接效应值分别为-0.069 (95%CI:-0.090~-0.051)、-0.084(95%CI:-0.113~-0.053)和0.007 (95%CI:0.003~0.014)。结论 COPD高危人群相关知识认知情况与年龄、性别、家庭年收入、文化程度、吸烟、呼吸系统疾病、职业暴露和焦虑症状有关。

Objective To investigate the awareness of relevant knowledge and influencing factors among high-risk popula⁃tions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),so as to provide the reference for improving COPD awareness and disease prevention.Methods The COPD high-risk populations were selected from community health service centers of Nanfeng,Jingang,Daxin and Fenghuang townships in Zhangjiagang City,Jiangsu Province from 2020 to 2022.Basic information,lifestyle,health status and awareness of relevant knowledge were collected through questionnaire surveys.Anxiety symptoms was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale.Factors affecting the awareness of relevant knowledge among COPD high-risk populations were identified using a structural equation model.Results A total of 2078 COPD high-risk populations were surveyed,including 1111 females(53.53%)and 967 males(46.47%),and had a mean age of(60.85±6.59)years.The total awareness score of relevant knowledge among high-risk populations for COPD was(6.33±2.59)points,with an awareness rate of 72.18%.Structural equation model analysis showed that age,annual household income,educational level,smoking,respiratory diseases,occupational exposure and anxiety symptoms had direct effects on the awareness of relevant knowledge,with direct effect values of-0.057(95%CI:-0.099 to-0.014),0.048(95%CI:0.005 to 0.090),0.162(95%CI:0.117 to 0.204),0.060(95%CI:0.018 to 0.096),0.055(95%CI:0.021 to 0.088),0.139(95%CI:0.107 to 0.170)and-0.172(95%CI:-0.209 to-0.135),respectively;while age,gender,and occu⁃pational exposure also had indirect effects on the awareness of relevant knowledge,with indirect effect values of-0.069(95%CI:-0.090 to-0.051),-0.084(95%CI:-0.113 to-0.053),and 0.007(95%CI:0.003 to 0.014),respectively.Con⁃clusion The awareness of relevant knowledge among COPD high-risk populations is associated with age,gender,annual household income,educational level,smoking,respiratory diseases,occupational exposure and anxiety symptoms.