盐田区3~18岁学生校园伤害特征

Characteristics of school injury among students aged 3 to 18 years in Yantian District

目的 分析广东省深圳市盐田区3~18岁学生校园伤害特征,为制定校园伤害防控措施提供依据。方法 通过深圳市伤害监测系统收集2023年盐田区伤害监测哨点医院因伤害首次就诊、伤害发生地点为托幼机构或中小学校的3~18岁在校学生病例资料,描述性分析伤害发生时间、发生原因、发生时活动、伤害性质和伤害部位等特征。结果 2023年盐田区报告3~18岁学生校园伤害病例1 681例,其中男生1 182例,女生499例,男女比为2.37∶1。学龄前儿童206例,占12.25%;小学生856例,占50.92%;初中生358例,占21.30%;高中生261例,占15.53%。校园伤害高发月份为2-6月,占49.97%;高发时间段为15:00-18:59,占44.68%。伤害发生原因主要为跌倒和钝器伤,占41.94%和33.85%;伤害发生时活动主要为休闲活动和体育活动,占57.70%和21.83%;伤害性质以挫伤/擦伤为主,占49.20%;伤害严重程度以轻度为主,占74.60%,无死亡病例;伤害部位前三位依次为头颈部、上肢和下肢,占36.94%、27.54%和24.33%。男生钝器伤和挫伤/擦伤比例较高(AR=4.8、4.0);随着学段升高,学生校园伤害发生在体育活动时比例、扭伤/拉伤比例和伤害部位为下肢比例上升(均P<0.05)。结论 盐田区学生校园伤害主要发生在春季、休闲或体育活动时,发生原因主要为跌倒和钝器伤,男生、小学生是校园伤害的高危人群。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of school injury among students aged 3 to 18 years in Yantian Dis⁃trict of Shenzhen City,Guangdong Province,so as to provide the reference for developing the strategies for prevention and control of school injury.Methods Data of the students aged 3 to 18 years who were initially diagnosed as injury in sentinel hospitals and whose injuries occurred in nurseries,primary or middle schools in Yantian District in 2023,were collected from the Shenzhen Injury Surveillance System.The onset time,places,activities,characteristics and sites of injury were descriptively analyzed.Results A total of 1681 cases of school injuries among students aged 3 to 18 years were reported in Yantian District in 2023,including 1182 boys and 499 girls,with a boy-to-girl ratio of 2.37∶1.There were 206 preschool children(12.25%),856 primary school students(50.92%),358 junior high school students(21.30%)and 261 high school students(15.53%).The peak months for school injuries were February to June,account⁃ing for 49.97%;the peak time period was from 15:00 to 18:59,accounting for 44.68%.The main causes of injuries included falls(41.94%)and blunt injury(33.85%).The activities at the time of injury mainly included leisure activities(57.70%)and physical activities(21.83%).Contusion/abrasion was the main characteristics(49.20%).Mild injury was pre⁃dominant,accounting for 74.60%,and there was no fatal case.The top three injury sites were the head and neck,up⁃per limbs and lower limbs,accounting for 36.94%,27.54%,and 24.33%,respectively.Boys had higher proportions of blunt injuries and contusion/abrasion(AR=4.8 and 4.0).The proportion of sports injuries,sprains/strains and lower limb injuries increased with grade(all P<0.05).Conclusions School injury among students predominantly occur in spring when having leisure or physical activities in Yantian District.The main causes of injuries are falls and blunt injury,with boys and primary school students being the high-risk groups.