宁波市住院患儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染特征

Characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infection among hospitalized children in Ningbo City

目的 了解宁波市住院患儿呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染的流行特征,为制定RSV感染防制策略提供依据。方法 收集2019年7月-2023年12月宁波大学附属妇女儿童医院因呼吸道感染住院患儿的基本信息、临床诊断资料和咽拭子标本,采用多重荧光PCR-毛细电泳法检测11种非细菌性呼吸道病原体核酸,描述性分析不同时间、性别和年龄住院患儿RSV感染检出情况。结果 检测49 449份呼吸道感染住院患儿咽拭子标本,检出RSV阳性4 310份,检出率为8.72%。2019和2020年的11月至次年2月,2021年8-10月和2023年5-9月分别出现RSV检出率高峰。男童RSV检出率为9.25%,高于女童的8.04%(P<0.05)。<1岁儿童RSV检出率最高,为16.37%,RSV检出率随年龄增长呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。RSV阳性标本中,RSV单一检出3 407份,占79.05%;混合检出903份,占20.95%。混合检出比例较高的非细菌性呼吸道病原体依次为人鼻病毒、肺炎支原体和人副流感病毒。结论 宁波市住院患儿RSV感染在2021年和2023年出现非典型季节流行,男童和<1岁儿童检出率较高,存在一定比例的混合感染。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)in hospital⁃ized children in Ningbo City,so as to provide insights into developing prevention and control strategies for RSV.Meth⁃ods Basic information,clinical data and throat swab samples were collected from hospitalized children with respiratory infection in Ningbo University Affiliated Women and Children's Hospital from July 2019 to December 2023.Multiple flu⁃orescence PCR-capillary electrophoresis was employed to detect nucleic acids of 11 non-bacterial respiratory pathogens.RSV detection in hospitalized children by time,gender and age was descriptively analyzed.Results A total of 49449 throat swab samples of hospitalized children with respiratory infections were detected.There were 4310 samples posi⁃tive for RSV,with a detection rate of 8.72%.The detection of positive specimens peaked from November to February in 2019 and 2020,from August to October in 2021,and from May to September in 2023.The RSV detection rate in boys was higher than that in girls(9.25%vs.8.04%,P<0.05).The detection rate of RSV was highest in the children under 1 year of age(16.37%).The RSV detection rate tended to decrease with age(P<0.05).Among the specimens with positive RSV detection,3407 were positive for RSV alone(79.05%),while 903 were detected as mixed infections(20.95%).The non-bacterial pathogens with higher percentages of mixed detection were human rhinovirus,Mycoplasma pneumoniae and human parainfluenza virus.Conclusion Atypical seasonal epidemic of RSV infections appeared in 2021 and 2023 among hospitalized children in Ningbo City,with high detection rates in boys and children under 1 year of age,and a certain percentage of mixed infections.